●明確幾個觀點：
1、英語是一門工具性的學科，不是知識性的學科。
2、英語是練會的不是學會的。
也就是說不能僅滿足於聽懂，理解，更重要的是要反覆聽說讀寫練習。有時甚至不需要懂為什麼，記住能用就行。在使用過程中，就會發現自己的語感有所提高。
3、英語新課標下的英語學習的目的是要培養學生的自主學習能力和綜合運用語言的能力，學習英語不僅僅是為了考試，還為今後的工作，甚至終身服務。
●高中三年英語學習的側重點不同：
高一年級：重點在培養興趣，鍛鍊聽說能力，掌握基本的閱讀方法，同時注意培養良好的學習習慣。
高二年級：堅持聽說練習，著重擴大詞彙量和閱讀量，以提高綜合運用語言的能力。
高三年級：提高語言知識的準確性和綜合性，並努力提高做題技巧。。
●學習中要注意的幾點：(DOS AND DON’ts)
1、要點滴積累，不要急於求成。
記住：ROME IS NOT MADE IN ONE DAY!
急於求成就可能會造成消化不良，或者一事無成的結果。急於求成往往表現為對自己提出過高的要求。這樣做往往會給自己很大壓力，進而對自己逐漸失去信心，失去興趣。
記住：TEN MINUTES EVERY DAY IS BETTER THAN TEN HOURS IN ONE DAY!
尊重記憶規律，反覆是關鍵。
記住：ALWAYS KEEP AN ENGLISH BOOK AT HAND!
利用點滴時間：與其他學科穿插 進行。早晨是學習英語的大好時光。
2.要樹立信心，不要妄自菲薄。
“即使是天才，他出生時的第一聲啼哭也不是動聽的音樂。”聽別人說的好，就急，自卑，否定自己。要知道別人也是練出來的。任何時候起步都不晚。要知道樹立信心的過程就是不斷犯錯的過程。要勇於犯錯，才能提高。
3.要做到博聞強識，不要只認課本
許多語言教育專家指出：語言能力的強弱與掌握語言材料的多寡成正比。語言材料輸入量越大，語言能力提高越快，其中背誦是一種強化語言材料輸入的好方法，是不可缺少的語言學習環節。背誦要背肯定是正確的東西。不要脫離上下文記單詞。
注意生活中一閃而過的東西，如電影中，電視轉播中，新聞中，報紙上，網路上出現的新的有趣的東西。
4.要主動出擊，不要坐等人教 ;要持之以恆，不要三天打魚兩天晒網。
5.要學會總結。
學習中要揣摩規律，善於模仿，瞭解背景知識，分辨語言應用環境。
6.積極參加各種有關英語學習的課外活動。
●具體學習方法：
1、聽說結合訓練
1)聽說結合訓練是交流的需要。
2)聽說結合訓練也是學習規律的要求：高效學習的過程是：儲存，記憶和啟用(靈活運用)的過程。聽懂，並講出就是將課本上的句子單詞語法複習和鞏固的過程。
3)聽說結合訓練 能夠幫你樹立信心，多聽各種生活情景下的句子，做到能條件反射地說出該說的英語句子。這樣遇到實際需要，就可以不假思索的脫口而出。能說出一口流利的英語，不僅培養了成就感，也促進了語言的學習。
開始時可跟錄音讀，保證發音正確。因為許多同學聽力差並不是因為掌握的語言知識不夠，而是聽到的正確的語音與自己所說熟悉的不正確的讀音不能聯絡起來，因此影響了理解。
2、閱讀訓練：
閱讀應該是高中三年中最應重視的部分了。因為它是培養英語語感，鞏固和熟悉所學知識的最有效途徑。而近年來的大學聯考也越來越重視這方面的考察。因此，課外閱讀時可採用半精讀與泛讀的方式。
半精讀：選長短適中，有一定生詞的原文材料或某一種教材。要持之以恆。 要記住，用一本教科書學英語是絕對不夠的。
泛讀：自助餐及書報雜誌。讀不同題材、體裁的文章，理解跨學科知識。讀時注意對運用精妙的詞彙，短語 或句子做些摘抄。
3、課堂學習：
課堂上要積極參與，不能做被動的聽眾。提高課堂效率，珍惜每一次練習機會。
預習：熟讀課文，瞭解生詞在文章中的使用，標出難點。
聽講：老師設計的課堂活動是有目的的。別人答題時自己不能不聽不練。
記筆記：理解≠記住≠靈活運用 因此，對好的例句、詞語辨析、常用句型、文化差異，中英文差異，習俗差異都可作些筆錄。
高中英語複習方法：消滅“生詞”歸納知識點
第一、重視基礎，加強詞彙、短語的梳理、積累與記憶。1. 整理已經做過的英語試卷、練習，尤其是近三年的大學聯考英語真題和各地的一模、二模試題。整理時要注意理解提幹的意義，理解各選項的含義，理解選擇的理由。對 於單選題和完形填空，力爭做到“無生詞”，即：如果其中有生詞，就把這個詞的意義和用法弄清楚，然後加以背誦。對於單選、完形這兩個題型，不僅要理解，最 好還要多朗讀，熟練朗讀使我們更容易理解這個句子，同時可以加強記憶效果，增強語感。注意：無論是朗讀單項選擇題還是完形填空題，最好把正確項放回空格處 朗讀，即不看A、B、C、D各選項，直接朗讀句子或文章。多遍朗讀，直至熟練，效果更佳。2. 把握常考詞語(熱點詞語)的用法，熱點詞語的用法，要從詞性、詞義、搭配等角度去理解，尤其要注意一詞多義的情況。如mean可以是動詞，也可以是形容 詞。作動詞用，後接名詞或動名詞時意思是“意味著”，後接不定式時意思是“意圖要”;作形容詞時意思是“卑鄙”、“吝嗇”;mean後加s，means是 名詞，意思是手段，常用於by… means的句型。3.注意同義詞的辨析，英語中有很多同義詞，複習中要對常考的同義詞進行比較分析，把握它們的異同點。常考的同義詞如：sit vs seat; include vs contain; ordinary, common, popular, normal; leave, remain; price, prize. award, reward; incident, event, coincidence, matter, affair等。4. 注意拼寫類似但意義不同的詞語。如：board, aboard, broad, abroad, bored; affect, effect, offer, effort, afford等
第二、分析語境，熟練掌握常考語法專案的用法。大學聯考中最常見的也是最容易弄錯的是與動詞相關的語法現象。要理清楚 相關的語法概念，並通過實際示例來學會分析和掌握。另外在下列短語中，to是介詞，後面也接動名詞作賓語：come close to, pay attention to, devote …to…, object to, get used to, subscribe to, submit to, cater to, take to, look forward to等。這些知識的歸納，可以使我們在考試時自如應對相關的考點。
高中英語動詞時態、語態知識難點
1、 一般現在時
（1） 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
（2） 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經常反覆的動作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去，對現在仍有影響，或動作一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
９、被動語態被動語態的時態，以give為例。
II．例題
例１ I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的.過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態，而用一般過去時態。
例２ The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用於被動語態句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用於被動語態的句子中。
（五）動詞虛擬語氣
I．要點
表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種願望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用於正式的書面語中。
１、 虛擬語氣的構成
注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
２、 虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用
（１） 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) ＋動詞原形"，常用於以下三種句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２） 在賓語從句中用於suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞後的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
（３） 在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
（４） 在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)＋動詞原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
（５） 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或
"should ＋動詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
II．例題
例１ We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析：該題正確答案為Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動詞還有think, expect等，後面的句子需用虛擬語氣
例２ "Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes B came C should come D will come
解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。would rather後面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。
例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done B might have doneC might do D would do
大學聯考英語閱讀理解細節理解題高分策略
細節理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節進行理解。有些問題考生可以直接從文中找到明確的答案，但有些則需要我們在理解的基礎上將有關資訊進行處理，如計算、排序、判斷、比較等。同往年一樣，2007年全國及各省、市閱讀理解中，對細節理解類題型的考查依然佔了較大的比例。特別是應用文、說明文和記敘文中，更是側重於對細節理解的考查。
（一）命題方式細節理解題常見的出題方式有以下幾種：
1.以when， where， what， which， who， how much， how many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；
2.是非判斷題，題幹中常有TRUE， NOT true或EXCEPT等；
3.以According to …… 開頭的提問方式；
4.以填空題的形式出現的題幹，在2007年大學聯考題中出現的此類題目有：
1） Certain animals change their choice of food when _______.
2） Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _______.
3） The writer thought Amery ”a fair game“ because the boy _______.
4） Mr. Dunlop established his business _______.
（二）解題指導
1. 應用文中的細節理解應用文，特別是廣告，是閱讀理解題中常見的一種體裁。廣告簡潔明快，語言精練，篇幅小、資訊多。廣告閱讀題多為細節理解題。做這類閱讀題的技巧是：先讀題目，帶著問題有針對性地閱讀相關部分快速尋找有效資訊。一般情況下，只要細心都會找到正確答案。
2. 說明文中的細節理解與應用文一樣，說明文中的閱讀理解也偏重考查細節，我們也可以採用”先看題，然後帶著問題在材料中尋找對應資訊“的辦法答題。
3. 記敘文中的細節理解故事、人物描寫等記敘文體是閱讀理解的考查重點之一。做這類題一般也可採用”尋讀法“，即先讀題，然後帶著問題短文，找出與問題有關的詞語或句子，再對相關詞語或句子進行分析對比，獲取準確資訊，找出正確答案。
4. 細節理解題中的代詞指代題代詞指代題要求考生根據上、下文推測代詞的指代意義。此類題一般是在人物或事物關係比較複雜的情況下使用，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關係是關鍵所在。
（三）小結大學聯考要求考生在規定的時間裡處理大量的閱讀材料，因此，掌握答題技巧，提高閱讀速度就顯得尤為重要。一般來說，解答細節理解題時都可採用”尋讀法“。也就是說，考生不必通篇細看原文，而常常可採取”帶著問題找答案“的，先從問題中抓住關鍵性詞語。然後以此為線索，快速地捕捉和理解事實或細節，恰當地運用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中尋找與此問題相關的段落、語句，仔細品味，對照比較，確定答案。
大學聯考英語閱讀理解 推理判斷題解題技巧
一、題型介紹：
推理判斷題屬於主觀題，是層次較高的題目。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了作出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴於合乎邏輯的推理。該題要求在理解表面文字的基礎上，作出判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含的意思和深層的意思，也就是通過文章中的文字資訊，上下邏輯關係及事物的發展變化等已知的資訊，推斷出作者沒有直接表達的態度和觀點。
常見的推理判斷題的設問方式：
推測作者寫作目的或意圖的設題形式有：
1) The purpose in writing this text is to __________.
2) The author writes this passage to __________.
3) The author in this passage intends to __________.
推測文章的觀點或結論的設題形式有：
1) It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
2) What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
3) From the passage we can conclude that __________.
推斷文章出處的設題形式有：
1)The passage is most likely to be taken from_________.
2)Where would this passage most probably appear?
3)The passage is most likely a part of_________.
是非判斷題的設題方式：
1．which of the following is （not）true or false ?
2．All of the following statements are wrong except _____
3．All of the following statements are right/true except _____.
4．Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage /text?
邏輯排序題的設題方式：
Which of the following describes one’s logic in doing sth ?
Which of the following shows the correct order of what happened to …?
Choose the right order of the following events in …
二、推理判斷題的解題 ：
推理判斷題不僅要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關係，結合自己的生活常識和經驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應當知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務必要忠於原文，在文章中尋找並確定可推論的依據，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。
三、考題探究
The first reality TV show in the world was called Expedition Robinson and it was shown in Sweden in 1997. Half the population of the country watched the final event and a new kind of TV program was born. Two years later in Holland, the first series of Big Brother was filmed. Again, it was a great success and the final program was watched by 15 million people. Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens 高中語文. The ordinary people who take part in the programs are known by millions of people
in their own countries and reality TV has become big, big business.
For the TV producers, reality TV is a dream come true because many of the programs cost nothing to make. At some point, the television viewers (觀眾) are asked to telephone the program to vote or to apply to take part in the show. It is the cost of these telephone calls that pays for the shows. One of the most popular shows is Pop Idol. In the show, a group of attractive young people are made into pop stars. TV viewers vote for their favorite person on the show. The winner makes a record and millions of copies of the record are sold. His or her pictures are published on the covers of magazines or on the front pages of newspapers, and then, they are quickly forgotten.
But not everyone is happy about reality TV. In Portugal two TV channels got into trouble because they showed too much of the personal lives of the people in the shows. In France, reality TV is called " rubbish TV" and the TV studios of Big Brother were attacked three times in one week. In Greece, Big Brother was described as "against human rights and civilization".
It can be concluded from the passage that __________.
A. everyone is happy about reality TV
B. reality TV will do well in many countries
C. all the people in Europe are in favor of reality TV
D. reality TV will not be broadcast in any countries
學海導航 ：B 通讀全文，本文主要講的是reality TV，根據第一段的中間Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens，可知真人秀在20多個國家流行。故答案為B。該題也可以用排除法，AC兩項很容易排除，可能有些會選D，其實every ，all，not 連用才表示部分否定，而any不是。D表示現實劇不會在任何一個國家播放，當然是不對的。
四、例項演練
Are British people Europeans? This may seem a strange question to Africans and Asians，who tend to think of all white people as Europeans．But the British，when they are in Britain，do not regard themselves as Europeans．The Europeans，to them，are those rather excitable foreigners from the other side of the English Channel，who have never learnt how to speak English．Europe is known as “the Continent”，a place full of interest for British tourists，but also the source of almost a11 the wars in which Britain has ever been involved．Thus although geographically speaking Britain is a part of Europe，the fact that it is a separate island has made its people feel very，very insular (孤立的)．They feel，and in many ways are，different from the rest of Europe，and they sometimes annoy continental nations by failing to support them，or even to understand them，in time of need．
Where did British people come from? This is an extraordinary interesting question，since they are a mixture of many different races，and all these races invaded (侵略) Britain at different times from Europe．Nobody knows very much about Britain before the Romans came during the first century B．C., but there had been at least three invasions before that．The first of these was by a dark-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians．Theother two were by Celtic tribes：first the Gaels，whose descendants are the modern Scots and Irish，some of whom still speak the Gaelic language；and second the Britons，who gave their name to the whole island of Britain．These were the people whom the Romans conquered．The Romans gave the Britons a good deal of their civilization，but they never settled in Britain in very large numbers，so the British race survived until the overthrow of the Roman Empire by the “barbarians”，i．e．the numerous Germanic tribes which overran the whole of Western Europe．
*It can be known from the passage that .
A．most people think white people are Europeans
B．there are many Africans and Asians living in Europe
C．white men are Europeans in the eyes of Africans and Asians
D．the British people think of themselves as Europeans
【點津】 C 該題主要考查對第一段第二句This may seem a strange question to Africans and Asians，who tend to think of all white people as Europeans說明在非洲人和亞洲人都認為所有的白人都是歐洲人。
五、經驗總結:
1 .確定作者的觀點及寫作理由。
2.分析材料提供的全部事實。
3 .注意詞的詞典義和聯想義，將材料中已知的事實與材料中沒有表達的概念聯絡在一起。
4 .深入理解已知的事實的潛在的資訊。
英語語法：倒裝句之部分倒裝
各科成績的提高是同學們提高總體學習成績的重要途徑，大家一定要在平時的練習中不斷積累，小編為大家整理了英語語法：倒裝句之部分倒裝 ，希望同學們牢牢掌握，不斷取得進步!
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需新增助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。
1) 句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
當Not until引出主從複合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例題
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 這是一個倒裝問題。當否定詞語置於句首以表示強調時，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結構。 這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個。
改寫為正常語序為，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現在將not提前，後面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以上就是為大家整理的英語語法：倒裝句之部分倒裝 ，希望同學們閱讀後會對自己有所幫助，祝大家閱讀愉快。
大學聯考英語閱讀理解 主旨大意題解題技巧
一、題型介紹：
一篇文章一般表達一箇中心或主題。這個中心或主題通常用一個句子來概括，此句叫主題句，這類題主要考查讀者把握全文內容或理解中心思想的，也包括分析歸納文章段落大意、重要情節、人物特徵、寫作特點的。一般說來說明文和議都有主題句，而且多位於文章的開頭，有時也位於文章的中間或末尾。但有時不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，在弄清段與段之間邏輯關係的基礎上自己歸納總結。主題句必須能簡潔明瞭地概括全文的主要內容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。
常見的主旨大意題的考查形式：
The text is mainly about ____.
The main idea／The general idea／The main purpose is ______.
What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
What would be the best title /headline for the text?
This article mainly tells about the story of ____.
What is the topic of the text?
The subject discussed in this text is ____.
What does the second paragraph discuss?
The paragraph (passage) deals with _____.
What is mainly discussed in the text?
二、主旨大意題解題與步驟：
略讀法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略讀的關鍵是能抓住文章要點的前提下，以個人最快的速度閱讀，主要目的是儘快獲得足夠的資訊以便準確的回答問題，利用略讀法去做閱讀時，要特別注意首尾兩段，要學會尋找文章段落的主題句，這是高效省事地抓住段落要點的捷徑，同時也是準確理解文章大意的有效途徑。在做題時要注意以下步驟：
1．先看問題，看是否有和主旨相關的題目，瞭解題目類別和提問方式。
2．再看文章首尾和各段開頭，找出主題句或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨。
3．以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣或意圖等其他深層次問題。
三、考題探究
PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.
The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots ，he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.
Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.
The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操縱桿). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.
Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.
Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.
“It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”
He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.
Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (後果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.
Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.
What is the text mainly about?
A. Snake-like robots used in industries.
B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.
C. The development of snake-like robots.
D. The working principles of snake-like robots.
學海導航：B 該題是考查文章的主旨大意。文章的第一段只是引出這一話題，第二段才是本文的主題，第二段中提到Choest講究 snake－like robots是因為he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies，由此可知，Choset 研究蛇形機器人的目的是為了在自然災害或其他的緊急事故中起作用。
四、例項演練
Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction(網上拍賣).
Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.
If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出價) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.
How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用).
Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starring on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
The big things in life: It' s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.
What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to make payment online.
B. Ways of making delivery online
C. Advantages of an online-auction system.
D. How to use an online-auction system.
【點津】D本題考察考生對文章主旨要義的理解能力。四個選項均涉及到有關短文內容，但是通過比較其核心概念，會發現A選項為“支付首段”， B選項為“交貨方式”， C選項為“系統優勢”，D選項為“使用方法”。由此可見A、B、C三個選項都只涉及了短文部分內容，不具備概括全篇的作用。D選項包含所有內容，能夠全面概括出短文的主旨要義 大學聯考。C選項由於說話方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的干擾。
五、經驗總結:
1．把握邏輯結構，提高這方面的能力對於閱讀議論文或說明文尤為重要，在此類文章中常用某個細節來引出題目從而進行議論，在議論的過程中可能會出現一些論據或細節描述，這部分常被設定為此類的干擾項。
2．找準主題句，主題句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主題句表達中心思想，起主導作用，閱讀時要對容易出現主題句的地方特別注意。六、主旨大意題的錯誤選項有一下特點：
1．以偏蓋全。只是區域性資訊或者是一句沒有展開論述的話。
2．過於籠統。即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細節脫節或者是沒有對細節加以充分論述。
3． 把觀點強加於作者。讀者往往根據自己的常識對文章進行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。
4．無關資訊，即在文章中沒有提到或者是找不到語言 依據的資訊。
