託福閱讀題中的長難句可謂是最讓人頭痛的存在了，下面是冶金術發展相關長難句的解析，希望能幫到大家!
Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. (50)
metallurgy /'mɛtəlɝdʒi/ n. 冶金 (術,學)
ingenious /ɪn'dʒinɪəs/ adj.
1(指人)善於用新 的或簡單的方法解決複雜問題的，心靈手巧的;
2(指物件)設計獨特而精巧的';
3(指主意)別出心裁的, 奇妙的
furnace /'fɝnɪs/ n. 熔爐
參考翻譯：
不像在美洲，那裡冶金術發展非常晚而且有限，而非洲擁有鐵比較早，他們發展了獨特而精巧的熔爐，它可產生冶鐵所需要的高溫，並且控制接觸碳和鐵礦的空氣用量以滿足冶鐵需要。
這個句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語動詞、介詞短語以及從句，大家務必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什麼，才能看清楚這個句子的結構。
其實狀語從句不是特別會影響大家對於句子的理解。
(Unlike in the Americas), (where metallurgy was a very late and limited development), Africans had iron from a relatively early date, (developing ingenious furnaces) ( to produce the high heat needed for production) and (to control the amount of air)( that reached the carbon and iron ore) (necessary for making iron.)
分析：
修飾一：(Unlike in the Americas),介詞短語
中文：不像在美洲
修飾二：(where metallurgy was a very late and limited development) ,從句
中文：冶金術發展非常晚而且有限
修飾三：(developing ingenious furnaces) ,非謂語動詞
中文：發展了獨特而精巧的熔爐
修飾四：(to produce the high heat neededfor production),非謂語動詞
中文：它可產生冶鐵所需要的高溫
修飾五：(to control the amount of air) ,非謂語動詞
中文：控制空氣的數量
修飾六：( that reached the carbon and ironore) ，從句，修飾air
中文：接觸碳和鐵礦
修飾七：(necessary for making iron. ) ，形容詞短語，修飾air
中文：對於冶鐵是有必要的
主幹：Africanshad iron from a relatively early date
