詞彙說完了,英語零基礎如何學託福接下來就是長難句子分析了。下面是本站小編整理的託福長難句分析方法，希望對你有幫助。
1. 定義：如果句子只包含一個主謂結構，句子各個成分都只由單詞或短語表示。
2. 分析方法：對於難度較大的簡單句，閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓，找出句子的主幹，忽略其他的成分，將長句變成短句，將句型結構複雜的句子變成句型結構簡單的句子。
3. 複雜的簡單句解析：
(1)不定式及不定式短語做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語
例 hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文譯文：督促人們為自己的行為負責是十分重要的。
結構分析：不定式短語to hold people accountable for their action 做主語。
(2)動名詞及動名詞短語做主語、表語、賓語
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions，and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文譯文：它涉及到探究深層次的關注，想出有創造性的解決方案，以及當利益矛盾時，做出交易和妥協。
結構分析：這是一個簡單句。主語是it，謂語是involves，三個動名詞短語做賓語(屬於平行結構)。在閱讀中經常出現“a and b”或“a or b”的形式，其中a 與b 同義或近義，所以只要認識其中一個詞就能猜測出另一個詞的大致意思。例如：trade-off and compromises。
讀懂託福閱讀長難句<1>因果結構
例題1 (OG: Desert Formation)：
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
解題步驟：
1. 觀察題幹，發現表示隱形因果的短語result from
2. 瀏覽選項，發現A和B選項含有因果關係
3. 分析原句：原句中“因”：1). 大量受到影響的土地vast areas of land; 2). 大量受到影響的人口tremendous numbers of people;3).很難去減慢或者顛覆沙漠化過程reverse or slow the process; 原句中“果”：沙漠化是一個嚴重serious的問題;分析A選項：“因”：1). reverse process; 2). affect large areas of land; 3). affect great numbers of people; “果”：沙漠化是一個significant的問題
<2>讓步轉折結構
例題2 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)：
In the green-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.
7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. When an animal is signaling in an area with green-to yellow lighting condition, its signal will not be visible if the background is brightly lit.
B. In the lowest levels of the forest, an animal's signals are not easily seen unless there is a yellowish or greenish background.
C. In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions at the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green or yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.
D. Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor,these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also in the green-to-yellow range.
解題步驟：
1. 分析題幹，發現錶轉折的邏輯關係詞but; 前半句“yellow and green會是最亮的顏色在低層森林中”;後半句“但是如果動物所處的background是yellow or greenish, 那麼動物發出該種顏色的訊號將不明顯”
2. 分析選項：只有D選項含有表讓步轉折的邏輯詞although,進而分析句意：前半句：“雖然green and yellow在森林底層顏色最亮”;後半句：“在環境也是green to yellow的情況下，這些顏色將是poor signals”
3. 原句與選項在句子的結構上符合：轉折結構;在語義上符合：lowest level of the forest = forest floor, Not very visible = poor signals
<3>比較結構
例題3 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)：
In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The relationship between flowering plants and pollinators provides pollinators with food and flowers with efficient reproduction.
B. In some cases birds obtain food from the seeds that are dispersed in the wind.
C. The wind not only helps the flowers distribute their seeds but enables birds to find more food.
D. Animals and insects are more effective in distributing pollen and seeds than the wind.
解題步驟：
1. 分析原句，原句主要講pollinator (insects & birds); plant; wind這三者之間的關係：具體來看是在比較對於plant來說，pollinator(insects & birds)要比windmore efficiently地幫助其distribute pollen and disperse seeds, 屬於典型的比較關係
2. 分析選項，首先只有D選項含有比較關係，具體來看：animals & insects要比windmore effectively地去distribute pollen and seeds
3. 原句與選項在句子的結構上符合比較結構，語義上符合
事實資訊題中的長難句----“眾裡尋他千百度，所考資訊在一處”
與句子簡化題中所考的長難句不同(主要考察考生是否能把握住句子的主幹資訊)，事實資訊題的出題點針對的有可能只是該長難句的某一處細節資訊。因此，考生針對這兩種不同的題型，解讀長難句的視角也應該有所不同。
例題1(OG: Desert Formation)：
These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.
6. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is often associated with raising crops?
A. Lack of proper irrigation techniques
B. Failure to plant crops suited to the particular area
C. Removal of the original vegetation
D. Excessive use of dried animal waste
解題步驟：
1. 讀題幹，找出定位詞raising crops
2. 回原文進行定位，定位到本段第二句since…
3. 分析定位句：“原因狀語從句 + 主句”，瀏覽選項，只有C選項與原句的.前半部分意思一致，同義轉換部分：natural vegetation = original vegetation
寫好託福作文中的長難句的技巧1)使用同義詞。
比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞彙的同義詞，這些詞出現的尤為頻繁。要學會用同義詞來替換它們。
在綜合寫作中教授說話不能總是用think，還可以用believe, consider, deem, figure out。在託福獨立寫作中表示近來的時間狀況用nowadays，還可以用recently,currently, at present, in recent years, these days
再比如表示重要的詞有important，一篇文章如果要求描寫某物重要，不能只寫important這一個詞吧，和它類似的還有necessary, crucial, essential, vital, significant , indispensable, momentous, 如果還需要再變化，就可以用下面的改變詞性的方法。
2)改變詞性。
n.→ Adj. 比如：important改成be of importance
n. → v. When we look at a comparison between A and B…
When we compare A and B…
Adj. → n.
There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
There are various solutions to the problem.
3)更換使用不同的承接詞。承接詞不僅連線段落和段落，還連線句子和句子。熟識一些常用的承接詞對寫作將會有極大的作用。
because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
4)形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改，會達到非比尋常的效果。
Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
Not uncommon→common
The cheapest → the least expensive
其次，是句型的使用。在新託福寫作部分，評分標準中非常重要的一項就是句型結構，要求句型結構做到豐富多變。例如下面的典型美句，就可以讓你的文章加分：
1)it句
It is delightful to have friends from distant lands.
It is undeniable that…
It is obvious that…
2)雙否句
it is by no means uncommon to find…
…never fails to …
3)倒裝句
So severe is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasiblemeasures to deal with it.
Only through education can we rise in the world.
此外，美國人的另一特點就是注重具體內容。即要求我們寫的作文具體化。新託福寫作的宗旨在於communicating information。中文經過長久的發展，追求的是含蓄、抽象，用最少的話來表達深刻的思想，但美國人思維卻是具體的。如果按照中國人思維寫作，美國人會無法領會，我們的託福作文也就只能得低分。
