Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Heart Assoeiation’s Junk Science Diet
A.A recent Cambridge University anal ysis of 76 studies involving more than 650，000 people concluded,“The current evidence does not clearly support guidelines that low consumption of total Saturated fats.“Yet the American Heart Association(AriA.，in its most recent dietary guidelines，held fast to the idea that we must A.l eat diets for optimal heart ’s a stance that—at the very best—is controversiA.，and at worst is dead a practicing cardiologist(心臟病學家)for more than three decades，I agree with the latte—it’s dead does the AHA cling to recommendations that fly in the face of scientific evidence?
I discovered was both ing and AHA not only ignored A.l the other risk factors for heart disease，but it appointed someone with ties to Big Food and bizarre scientific beliefs to lead the guideline-writing paneHust the type of thing’that undermines the public’s confidence in the medical AHA guidelines warrant that saturated fat make up no more than 5 to 6 percent of daily cal ories for adults because this will lower“bad”cholesterol(膽固醇)，for those people who need blood pressure control，the guidelines suggest lowering sodium(salt)intake to no more than a teaspoon(2，300 mg)ite many other known risk factors for heart disease，salt and fat were，astonishingly,the only two considered by the AHA panel writing the e are many other recognized risk factors the AHA ignored，including blood sugar level，low“good”cholesterol，insulin(胰島素)levels，and body weight—an of these are influenced by diet.
fact，most people who have heart attacks don’t have elevations in bad are much more likely to have metabolic syndrome(新陳代謝綜合徵)—a condition that puts you at high risk for diabetes and heart restingly enough，blood triglycerides(甘油三脂)do not go up with eating fat—they go up if you eat a diet high in processed grains，starches，and rtunately for the proponents of high-carbohydrate(糖類)diets，high blood triglycerides are a major risk factor for heart fat/high carb diets lower protective“good”cholesterol and raise insulin.
These diets are involved in the development of h is a powerful risk factor for developing heart disease.
Heart Cheek Program’s contribution
writers of the 20 13 statin guidelines based their recommendations on studies that looked at the reduction in the risk of events like heart attacks in people treated with ared to people on a placebo(安慰劑) AHA dietary guidelines do not cite any diet studies that looked at whether following a specific diet lowered the risk of developing heart events—yet they are giving dietary might be two plausible is the AHA's moneymaking“Heart Check Program.”The second is the conflict of interest of Robert Ecke—the co-chair of the panel that wrote the guidelines.
percent of these“heart ”foods—over 400 of them—are meat：92 are processed meats—which have been shown to have either neutrA. or negative effects on heart more problematic are the foods containing added AHA recommends that women consume less
than 6 teaspoons(1 00 calories)of sugar a day and less than 9 teaspoons(1 50 caories)for there are items that get the nod of approvA. from the Heart Check program despite being near or at the sugar limit.1ike Bruce’s Yams Candied Sweet Potatoes and Choice ry Steak.
F. Until this year,Heart Check approved many foods with trans-fats，which raise bad cholesterol and lower good cholesterol，among other harmful effects on ，like increasing inflammation(發炎)and the laying down of calcium in arteries(動脈).
the dietary guidelines，the AHA Heart Check Program appears to address only the effect of foods on cholesterollevel and blood while，since the 1 970s，our yearly sugar consumption has increased quickly with the incidence of diabetes and brings us to rt
l，the co-chair of the Working is a consultant for h specializes“in food，beverage，nutrition，health and wellness.”Foodminds works with more than 30 leading food，beverage，and nutrition to offer a“one stop shop of…consulting…to guide food and beverage companies in navigating the complexities around the upcoming FDA Nutrition Facts label overhaul.”In other minds is a lobbying firm for“Big Food.”
