Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle--compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let's end this nonsense of grades, exams,marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
56. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A. By imitating what other people do.
B. By making mistakes and having them corrected.
C. By listening to explanations from skilled people.
D. By asking a great many questions.
57. The passage suggests that learning to speak and leaming to fide a bicycle are __________.
A. not really important skills
B. more important than other skills
C. basically different from learning adult skills
D. basically the same as learning other skills
58. According to the passage, the author thinks teachers in school should__________.
A. allow children to learn by himself or herself
B. point out children's mistakes whenever they're found
C. correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge
59. The author believes the teacher's role in children's learning should be__________.
A. the identifier and corrector of their errors
B. their helper and guide
C. the person to grade their performance and give feedbacks
D. the person to pass on something essential to them
60. The title of this passage could probably be__________.
A. Let Teachers Stop Work
B. Let Us Make Children Learn
C. Let Children Correct Their Own Papers
D. Let Children Learn by Themselves
參考譯文：
讓孩子學著評價自己的工作。一個學說話的孩子不能靠別人總給他糾正錯誤來學習：如果被糾正過多，他就會停止說話。[56]一天到晚，他都在注意自己講的話跟周圍人講的有什麼不同。這樣慢慢地.他就自然而然地作出改變，說話跟其他人一樣了。[56][57]同樣，孩子學別的東西時，他們也是不用教就能學會：走、跑、爬、吹口哨、騎車——他們會觀察那些技術更熟練的人們是怎樣做的，對比之後就會作出必要的改變。但是在學校裡，我們從不給孩子們機會讓他們自己找出錯誤，更不用說自己改正了。我們總是替他們全部做好。[58]我們總是表現得好像我們覺得他們永遠不會自己發現錯誤：非堡我們指出來讓他們改正不可。很快孩子就變得依賴老師了。放手讓他自己做吧。讓他自己解決問題吧，如果他想的話，可以請其他孩子幫忙：這個單詞是什麼意思，這個問題該怎樣回答，這樣說或者這樣做是否合適。
如果問題有正確答案，比如可能是數學或者科學問題，那麼把答案給孩子。讓他批改自己的試卷。我們老師為何要浪費時間做這樣無聊的`事情呢?[59]我們的工作應當是在孩子找不到問題的正確答案時給予幫助。讓我們結束毫無意義的評級、考試和分數吧。讓我們把這些全都拋開，讓孩子學到所有受教育者終有一天都要學到的東西，學著如何思忖自己的理解，如何瞭解已知的和未知的知識。
[59]讓他們用最適合自己的方式獨立學習：如果他們需要，可以尋求老師的幫助。在我們現在這樣一個複雜而又快速發展的社會，“學校裡有許多知識要學，學到之後就能一生受用”的觀點就是胡扯。憂心忡忡的家長和老師說：“但是如果孩子學不到必要的東西，學不到將來進入社會必須要有的東西，那該怎麼辦?”不要擔心!如果那些東西很必要，那麼以後進入社會他們就會學到的。
參考答案：
56.A
定位：根據題幹資訊thebestwayforchildrentolearnthings可將答案定位到第一段前半部分。
解析：第一段首句提出了文章的論點：“Let childrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.(讓孩子學著評價自己的工作。)”接著舉例說：“一個學說話的孩子一天到晚都在注意自己講的話跟周圍人講的有什麼不同。
這樣慢慢地，他就自然而然地作出改變，說話跟其他人一樣了。同樣，孩子學別的東西時……他們會觀察那些技術更熟練的人們是怎樣做的，對比之後就會作出必要的改變。”可見作者認為，小孩最好的學習方法就是模仿別人怎麼做。故選A。
57.D
定位：根據題幹資訊learningto speak andlearningto ride abicycle可將答案定位到第一段中間部分。
解析：learningto speak和learningto ride abicycle出現在第一段。作者在說明自己觀點的時候，將學說話與學習其他技能(比如走、跑、爬、吹口哨、騎車等)進行了對比，並且認為孩子學習說話和學習其他技能的基本方式是一樣的，都是通過模仿然後進行自我調整。故選D。
58.A
定位：根據題幹資訊teachers in school should可將答案定位到第一段後半部分。
解析：第一段後半部分作者建議說：“我們總是表現得好像我們覺得他們永遠不會自己發現錯誤，非得我們指出來讓他們改正不可。很快孩子就變得依賴老師了。放手讓他靠自己吧。讓他自己解決問題吧，如果他想的話，可以請其他孩子幫忙……”作者直言不諱，認為應該讓孩子們自己發現自己的錯誤，如果需要的話，也可以請其他孩子來幫助。指出學生的問題和錯誤，不可以也不需要老師包辦。故選A。
59.B
定位：根據題幹資訊the teacher’s role in children’s learning可將答案定位到第二段第四句。
解析：該句提到：“我們的工作應當是在孩子找不到問題的正確答案時給予幫助。”第三段第一句也提到：“讓他們用最適合自己的方式獨立學習，如果他們需要，可以尋求老師的幫助。”可見，老師的作用主要是在學生的學習過程中對他們進行幫助和指導。
60.D
定位：根據題幹資訊titleofthispassage可知解答本題需通觀全文。
解析：文章第一句即提到：“讓孩子學著評價自己的工作。”接著，全篇文章都圍繞“讓孩子自己學習”這個主題展開，提到老師們總是等不及孩子們自己發現問題，就指出他們的錯誤並幫助他們改正，其實孩子會觀察他人如何做，進行模仿，然後作出改變來使自己的行為、認知與他人更接近。故選D。
