Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South ( 發展中國家) began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They urgently needed supplies of highly trained personnel to implement a concept of development based on modernization.
But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. At the same time, many professionals who did return home but no longer felt at ease there also decided to go back to the countries where they had studied.
In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special "return" programs to encourage their professionals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1,600 qualified scientistsand technicians to return to Latin America.
In the 1980s and 1990s, "temporary return" programs were set up in order to make the best use of trained personnel occupying strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Program's Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate ( 移居國外的 ) Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But the brain drain (人才流失) fromthese countries may well increase in response to the new laws of the international market in knowledge.
Recent studies forecast that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to produce, or so it is thought. As a result there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give preference to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad, they must introduce flexible administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is bound to continue.
61. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?
A. The developing countries believe that sending students to the industrialized countries is a good way to meet their own needs for modernization.
B. The South American countries have been sending students to developed countries since the 1920s.
C. Many people trained abroad remain in the developed countries instead of coming back to serve their home countries.
D. The International Organization for Migration successfully helped more than 1,600 professionals to return to their own countries in a single year.
62. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the developing countries are losing their brain power?
A. Many professionals did not feel comfortable in their home countries after they returned home.
B. "Temporary return" programs encouraged professionals to work in their home countries for short periods.
C. The new laws of the international market encourage knowledge transfer.
D. The professionals from the developing countries have been trained in fields where they could not apply their knowledge to the best advantage in their home countries.
63. In the author's opinion, the developing countries should __________.
A. keep their present administrative procedures so as to ensure that their students return after graduation
B. cooperate more effectively with international organizations
C. set up more return programs under the guidance of the UN
D. send students abroad in the fields where their knowledge is more likely to be made full use of in their own countries
64. According to the passage, the problem of the developing countries will continue__________.
A. as long as the developed countries need more qualified professionals than they can educate domestically
B. as long as the developing countries are content with their present institutional structures
C. unless those countries stop sending large number of students to be trained abroad
D. if theh governments fail to make administrative adjustments concerning the return procedures of their professionals
65. The best title for the passage is__________.
A. The Brain Drain of the Developing Countries
B. Knowledge Transfer
C. The Talents from the Developing Countries
D. The Failure of Development Programs
