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Preface
前言
The discovery of the atom and the subsequentdevelopment and utilization of nuclear energy gave anew impetus to the progress of humanity andgreatly enhanced mankind's ability to understandand shape the world. Yet, the development ofnuclear energy has associated risks and mankind to better utilize nuclear energy andachieve even greater progress, it is necessary tomake innovations in nuclear technologies, ensure nuclear safety and do well in nuclearemergency preparedness. While nuclear safety constitutes a lifeline for the sustained andhealthy development of nuclear energy, nuclear emergency preparedness serves as animportant safeguard for its sustained and healthy development.
原子的發現和核能的開發利用給人類社會發展帶來新的動力，極大增強人類認識世界和改造世界的能力。核能發展伴隨著核安全風險和挑戰。人類要更好利用核能、實現更大發展，必須創新核技術、確保核安全、做好核應急。核安全是核能事業持續健康發展的生命線，核應急是核能事業持續健康發展的重要保障。
Nuclear emergency preparedness denotes the emergency actions taken to control, contain andmitigate a nuclear accident, and to minimize the consequences of such accidents, which aredifferent from the normal order and working procedure. They are emergency response actionsguided by the government, assisted by the relevant enterprises, coordinated among all theinvolved parties and implemented in a unified manner. Nuclear emergency preparedness is ofparamount importance and bears on the overall situation, and is therefore of criticalsignificance to the protection of the general public, the environment and social stability aswell as safeguarding national security.
核應急是為了控制核事故、緩解核事故、減輕核事故後果而採取的不同於正常秩序和正常工作程式的緊急行為，是政府主導、企業配合、各方協同、統一開展的應急行動。核應急事關重大、涉及全域性，對於保護公眾、保護環境、保障社會穩定、維護國家安全具有重要意義。
China has consistently given top priority to nuclear safety in its peaceful use of nuclearenergy, and has persisted in an overall national security concept by advocating a rational,coordinated and balanced nuclear safety outlook. China has followed the approach of enhancingsafety for the sake of development and promoting development by upholding safety in anunrelenting effort to bring the dual goals of development and safety in alignment with eachother. In the past six decades or so, the Chinese people have been working with stamina anddiligence in the pursuit of nuclear energy utilization, with splendid achievements. At the sametime, the Chinese people have been sparing no effort to improve nuclear safety techniques,enforce rigorous nuclear safety supervision, strengthen nuclear emergency managementand ensure that nuclear energy has always maintained a sound safety record.
中國始終把核安全放在和平利用核能事業首要位置，堅持總體國家安全觀，倡導理性、協調、並進的核安全觀，秉持為發展求安全、以安全促發展的理念，始終追求發展和安全兩個目標有機融合。半個多世紀以來，中國人民奮發圖強、歷盡艱辛，建立發展核能事業並取得輝煌成就。同時，不斷改進核安全技術，實施嚴格的核安全監管，加強核應急管理，核能事業始終保持良好安全記錄。
Nuclear accidents know no national boundaries, and everything related to nuclear emergencymanagement is too important to be taken lightly. Drawing on the lessons learned from theThree Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents, China has come to a profoundunderstanding of the utmost importance of nuclear emergencies, and the need to continuouslystrengthen and improve nuclear emergency preparedness and responses with a view toconstantly enhancing the nuclear safety safeguard level. China has made great strides in afull range of nuclear emergency-related activities, including the enactment of regulations,codes and standards, the establishment of institutional and regulatory regimes, the building-up of basic capabilities, the fostering of professional personnel, related exercises and drills,public communication, and international cooperation and exchanges. This has not onlyprovided a robust safeguard for China's own nuclear energy development, but also contributedactively to the promotionof a fair, open, collaborative and mutually beneficial internationalnuclear safety emergency framework and mankind's sharing of nuclear energy developmentachievements.
核事故影響無國界，核應急管理無小事。總結三哩島核事故、切爾諾貝利核事故、福島核事故的教訓，中國更加深刻認識到核應急的極端重要性，持續加強和改進核應急準備與響應工作，不斷提升中國核安全保障水平。中國在核應急法律法規標準建設、體制機制建設、基礎能力建設、專業人才培養、演習演練、公眾溝通、國際合作與交流等方面取得巨大進步，既為自身核能事業發展提供堅強保障，也為推動建立公平、開放、合作、共贏的國際核安全應急體系，促進人類共享核能發展成果作出積極貢獻。
ent Situation of Nuclear EnergyDevelopment and Nuclear EmergencyPreparedness
一、核能發展與核應急基本形勢
