2017年職稱英語考試複習已經開始，為了讓大家瞭解職稱英語考試難易程度，下面yjbys網小編為大家提供了職稱英語歷年考試真題精選，以下是職稱英語綜合類B閱讀理解真題。
職稱英語《綜合B》閱讀理解歷年真題精選
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (樹冠) of taller indigenous ( 土生土長的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat.
Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly". Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.
D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.
32. The function of the word "traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show__________.
A. the positive effects of coffee.
B. a change of coffee growth.
C. something that is the most important.
D. how coffee production used to be.
33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A. More insects.
B. Better quality coffee.
C. Larger farms.
D. Higher profits.
34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A. They buy more land from other farmers.
B. They cut down trees.
C. They move to another country.
D. They turn grassland into farmland.
35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT__________.
A. insects.
B. air.
C. birds.
D. humans.
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from
watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
36. The Gardners' experiment with Washoe__________.
A. began in 1969.
B. won a big prize.
C. lasted three years.
D. influenced primate research.
37. The second paragraph mainly discusses__________.
A.a report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language.
B. the whole direction of primate research.
C. new primate researches conducted by many language scientists.
D. an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.
38. The Gardners' experiment with Washoe was criticized because it can__________.
A. just ask some simple questions.
B. only copy teachers' sign language.
C. only memorize about 250 words.
D. just repeat short sentences.
39. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Roger Fours taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.
B. Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language.
C. A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.
D. Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.
40. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that__________.
A. whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered.
B. primates have the ability to speak a language.
C. animals can's learn a human sign.
D. Washoe is as intelligent as humans.
Moderate Earthquake Strikes England
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.
"It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.
The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.
"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." Said Hendrick van Eck,27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London." I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."
There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.
The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 193 l, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.
41. The biggest earthquake took place in Britain__________.
A. in 1931.
B. in 1580.
C. in2002.
D. in2007.
42. Theword "collapsed" in Paragraph 4 most probably means__________.
A. fell apart.
B. flew off.
C. shook up.
D. blew out.
43. The phrase "this scale" in Paragraph 6 refers to__________.
A.4.8-magnitude quake.
B.4.3-magnitude quake.
C.5.8 on the Richter scale.
D.6.1 on the Richter scale.
44. The following statements are true EXCEPT__________.
A. the quake caused a power failure in Kent County.
B. the tremor lasted for 10-15 seconds.
C. people in Canterbury felt strong quake.
D. the quake was centered under the Channel Tunnel.
45. It can be learnt from the last paragraph that__________.
A. moderate earthquakes often strike London in the history.
B. earthquake warning system of Britain can predict them.
C. another earthquake is predicted to occur in England.
D. the French also felt the earthquake taking place on 28, April.
答案與解析
31.A。題幹：這篇文章的大意為__________。主旨題。從各段的首尾句來看，第二段至第四段談論的是向陽種植咖啡的弊端，第五段談的是人們開始在向陰的地方種植咖啡，由此可以看出人們種植咖啡的方式發生了改變，所以該題答案為A(農民們正在改變他們種植咖啡的方式。)
32.B。題幹：第二段中“traditionally”一詞的功能是為了說明__________。細節題。利用題目關鍵詞定位到第二段的首句，從中可知“傳統上，咖啡樹被種植在高大的樹的樹冠之下”，後一句“但是，拉美地區越來越多的農民砍伐森林來種植完全向陽的咖啡樹”，由此可知前後句就咖啡樹的種植方式形成對比，因此traditionally是為了說明過去與現在種植方式的不同，因而答案為B。選項D具有較大的迷惑性，但是第一句和第二句談論的是咖啡的種植，而非咖啡的生產。因而，本題答案為B(咖啡種植的改變)。
33.D。題幹：向陽種植的咖啡產量增加導致了什麼?細節題。利用題幹關鍵詞increasedproduction可以定位到第二段最後一句，可知產量的增加帶來了利潤的.增加，故D(高的利潤)為正確答案。
34.B。題幹：農民如何找到更多的地來向陽種植咖啡?細節題。利用題幹關鍵詞find moreland可以定位到第二段的第二句，可知越來越多的拉美人正在砍伐森林來種植咖啡樹，故B(他們將樹砍到)為正確答案。
35.B。題幹：向陽種植咖啡的方法可能對下列之外都有影響。細節題。分別定位四個選項可以定位到第三和四段，如第三段提到因為要種植咖啡樹，本地的鳥類賴以築巢和躲避捕食者的樹木被砍掉了，第四段提到化肥和殺蟲劑殺死了以咖啡樹為食的昆蟲，而鳥類吃了這些中毒的昆蟲而死亡，化學物質殺死或使動物生病，然後將毒性帶入到人們飲水的水域中。所以可見昆蟲、鳥類和人類都受到了影響，故本題答案為B(空氣)。
36.D。題幹：Gardners對Washoe的實驗__________。細節題。利用題幹關鍵詞Gardners’experiment with Washoe進行定位，無法定位到第二段的前兩句，從中可知實驗開始於1966年，在1969年Gardners在其科學報告中描述了Washoe學習手語的緊張情況，由此可知選項A與C與文章資訊不一致;分別定位選項8和D的關鍵詞，發現文章沒有提及獲獎的事情，但是利用選項D的關鍵詞可以定位到第二段的結尾兩句，從中可知隨著Washoe學習手語的訊息的傳播，許多語言科學家開始了這個新領域的研究，由此改變了靈長目類動物研究的方向，所以選項D(影響了有關靈長目動物的研究)為正確答案。
37.A。題幹：第二段主要討論了__________。主旨題。仔細閱讀該段的首尾句，針對Washoe的實驗開始於l966年，這個實驗改變了靈長目動物研究的方向，談論都是細節，不是主題，而中間的其它句子談論的都是Gardners的有關Washoe學習手語的報告的內容，故A(有關Washoe學習手語的進步的報告)是正確答案。
38.B。題幹：Gardners對Washoe的實驗受到批評是因為__________。細節題。利用題幹關鍵詞criticize可以定位到第三段的首句，即批評家認為Washoe只會觀察和重複老師的手語動作，由此可以推知B(僅僅複製老師的手語。)是正確答案。
39.B。題幹：根據短文，下列哪項是正確的?判斷題。利用選項A的關鍵詞Roger Fours和three可以定位到第三段的最後一句，可知是Washoe教三隻年幼的猩猩學習手語，而不是Roger Fouts，所以選項A與原文資訊不一致;利用選項B的關鍵詞Washoe和first可以定位到第一段的倒數第二旬，可知Washoe被認為是第一個學習手語的非人類動物，由此可知選項B與原文資訊一致;利用選項C的關鍵詞可以定位到第一段的第二句，可知一隻在美國華盛頓州研究中心的猩猩因為自然原因在上個月末死亡，所以選項c與原文資訊不一致;利用選項D的關鍵詞進行定位，沒有發現相關資訊。因而該題答案為B(Washoe是第一隻使用美國手語的猩猩)。
40.A。題幹：從最後一段我們可以得出結論__________。推斷題。從最後一段來看，有關猩猩是否理解人類交流的爭論仍將繼續，但是有一點可以確定的是，Washoe改變了有關動物智力的可能性的一般看法，故該題答案為A(是否猩猩能學會人類語言仍舊沒有答案)。
41.A。題幹：英國最大的地震發生在__________。細節題。該題定位選項更容易，分別定位選項中的四個時間，可以定位到第七段的第一句，可知這個國家最嚴重的地震是l931年發生於北海的那次，震級6.1，所以A(1931年)為正確答案。
42.A。題幹：第四段中的“collapsed”的意思是__________。猜詞題。collapse意為“倒塌，崩潰”;同時，利用題幹關鍵詞定位到第四段的首句，四個選項分別代入後，牆壁開裂，煙囪倒塌，比較符合語境，所以該題正確答案為A(散開，崩裂)。
43.B。題幹：第六段中的“this scale”指的是。指代題。從第六段的首句來看，每年全世界都有上千次這個震級的中型地震，因而this scale指的是第五段提到的地震，第五段是Hendrick回顧4月28號地震的情況，由此可以推知談論的是4月28日的地震這樣的震級，從第三段可知該次地震為4.3級，故該題答案為B(4.3級的地震)。
44.D。題幹：下列說法都是對的，除了一。判斷題。利用選項A的關鍵詞Kent可以定位到第一段的倒數第二句，可知數千人離開沒有電力的Kent縣，題幹資訊與原文資訊一致;利用選項B的關鍵詞10一15 seconds可以定位到第四段第二句，可知地震持續了約10——15秒鐘，題幹資訊與原文資訊一致;利用選項C的關鍵詞Canterbury可以定位到第五段，來自Canterbury的Hendfick描述了地震發生時所感受的情況，題幹資訊與原文資訊一致;利用選項D的關鍵詞Channel Tunnel可以定位到第三段，可知震中是在English Channel，題幹資訊與原文資訊不一致;因此該題的答案為D(震中位於Channel Tunnel之下)。
45.B。題幹：根據最後一段可以推斷出__________。推斷題。最後一段however之前描述了4月28曰地震的情況，而且預測該地區發生另外一場地震只是時間問題，however之後說人們不用過分擔心，因為英國的預警系統可以探測到將要發生的地震，並可以在地震發生前幾小時予以宣佈，由此可以推斷英國的預警系統可以預測地震，故該題答案為B(英國的地震預警系統可以預測地震)。
