Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B., C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Fried foods have long been frowned upon. Nevertheless, the skillet (長柄平底煎鍋) is about our handiest and most useful piece of kitchen equipment. Strong woodcutters and others engaged in active labor requiring 4,000calories per day or more will take approximately one-third of their rations prepared in this fashion. Meat, eggs, and French toast cooked in this way are served in millions of homes daily. Apparently the consumers are not beset with more signs of indigestion than afflicted by those who insist upon broiling, roasting, or boiling. Some years ago one of our most eminent physiologists investigated the digestibility of fried potatoes. He found that the pan variety was more easily broken down for assimilation than when deep fat was employed. The latter, however, dissolved within the alimentary tract ( 消化道 ) more readily than the boiled type. Furthermore, he learned, by watching the progress of the contents of the stomach by means of the fluoroscope (熒光檢查儀), that fat actually accelerated the rate of digestion. Now all this is quite in contrast with "authority". Volumes have been written on nutrition, and everywhere the dictum ( 權威意見) has been accepted--no fried edibles of any sort for children. A few will go so tar as to forbid this style of cooking wholly. Now and then an expert will be bold enough to admit that he uses them himself, the absence of discomfort being explained on the ground that he possesses a powerful gastric ( 胃的 )apparatus. We can of course sizzle perfectly good articles to death so that they will be leathery and tough. But thorough heating, in the presence of shortening, is not the awful crime that it has been labeled. Such dishes stimulate rather than retard contractions of the gall bladder. Thus it is that bile ( 膽汁 ) mixes with the nutriment shortly after it leaves the stomach.
We don't need to allow our foodstuffs to become oil soaked, but other than that, there seems to be no basis for the widely heralded prohibition against this method. But notions become fixed. The first condemnation probably rose because an "oracle" ( 聖賢) suffered from dyspepsia (消化不良) which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu. The theory spread. Others agreed with him, and after a time the doctrine became incorporated in our textbooks. The belief is now tradition rather than proved fact. It should have been refuted long since, as experience has demonstrated its falsity.
56. This passage focuses on__________.
A. why the skillet is a handy piece of kitchen equipment
B. the digestibility of fried foods
C. how the experts can mislead the public in the area of food preparation
D. why fried foods have long been frowned upon
57. People engaged in active labor eat fried foods because __________.
A. they are healthful
B. they are much cheaper
C. they can be easily digested
D. they can provide the calories the workers need
58. The author implies that the public should__________.
A. prepare some foods by frying
B. avoid fried foods if possible
C. fry foods for adults but not for children
D. prepare all foods by frying
59. When the author says that "an 'oracle' suffered from dyspepsia which he ascribed to some fried item on the menu" he is being__________.
A. grateful
B. factual
C. sarcastic
D. humorous
60. The passage was probably taken from__________.
A. a medical journal
B. a publication addressed to the general public
C. a speech at a medical convention
D. an advertisement for cooking oil
【參考譯文】
很長時間以來，人們都不喜歡油炸食品。然而，長柄平底煎鍋基本上是我們廚房裡最方便、最有用的廚具。[57]健壯的伐木工人以及其他從事體力勞動的人員，每天需要4000卡路里或者更多的熱量，他們吃的食物中的有三分之一是用這種煎鍋來烹飪的。用煎鍋烹製的肉、蛋和法式土司每天都會出現在千百萬人家的餐桌上。很明顯，困擾這些食用者的不是消化不良的跡象越來越多，而是那些堅持只用烘、烤、煮的方法烹飪的人對他們的折磨。數年前，一位非常著名的生理學家研究了油炸薯條的可消化性。他發現，用平底鍋烹製食物時，不用油炸要比油炸的更容易被吸收。汪是，比起蒸煮過的食物，經過油炸的食物更容易在消化道里分解。並且，當通過熒光檢查儀觀察胃裡食物的消化過程時他還發現，實際上脂肪可加快消化的速度。而現在這些發現都與“權威”說法相悖、營養方面的書籍汗牛充棟，其中油炸食品有害的權威說法隨處可見——孩子絕對不能吃任何油炸食物。一些書籍甚至完全禁止使用煎炸這種烹飪方式。時不時還會有某位專家大膽地指出自己進行了親身試驗，但他吃了油炸食物身體卻安然無恙的原因在於自己的胃功能強大。當然，我們可以重複閱讀這些好文章.直到感覺味同嚼蠟、無聊透頂。但是(油炸)這種含有起酥油的徹底加熱的方式，並不像之前人們所定義的那樣糟糕。這樣的食物不僅不會阻礙膽囊收縮，反而會刺激其收縮。這樣，這些膽汁就能在營養物從胃裡流出之後迅速與其混合。
