事實資訊/細節題【Factual Information Questions (3 to 6 questions per set)】這可能是託福閱讀考試中，除去詞彙題，佔到最大比重的一種題型。託福閱讀考試一般是每篇文章12-14道題，尤其一篇文章如果考察14道題，卻出現了6道細節題，這個比重之大值得引起考生的注意。而且事實資訊題的難度浮動性特別大，也就是說，有的細節題非常簡單，有的卻很難。所以考生到最後衝刺刷題階段，在進行錯題統計的時候會發現，錯題比例最多的仍然是細節題。細節題和詞彙題加起來可以構成整個託福閱讀考試題目的半壁江山，是我們取得託福閱讀高分的基礎，因此，我們不得不想辦法攻克這種題型。
細節題本身考試技巧性比較弱，更多地是考察學生的基本功，即詞彙量，長難句閱讀能力，同意替換能力，所以想要取得高分的同學仍然需要提高自己的語言能力。細節題的問題一般就是純粹的事實層面上的問題，主要問作者說了什麼?哪些資訊是真的?解題的時候，80%左右的細節題都只需要閱讀文章中一兩個關鍵的句子就足夠解題了。這就意味著考生要根據題幹中提供的關鍵詞，回到原文中精準地找到解題的關鍵句子，讀懂了之後，就能快速地把細節題解對而無需閱讀全文或者全段。
細節題做題的流程相對比較簡單：首先閱讀問題，找出題目中的關鍵詞;其次根據關鍵詞/定位詞(key words)回到原文中定位，閱讀跟關鍵詞所有有關的資訊;最後回到選項中，判斷選項正誤。正確選項往往是對原文資訊的同意替換，而錯誤選項要麼是原文中沒有提及的或者是修改歪曲原文內容。
典型的錯誤選項有以下幾種情況：1)原文中定位內容沒有出現絕對化詞彙或者比較級，但是錯誤選項中出現這種無端的比較。2)選項中出現了定位資訊以外的內容，儘管這些資訊在本段落中的確被提及了。3)選項中區域性或者全部出現了該段落沒有涉及的資訊，專有名詞等等。
下面用TPO3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer中的三道細節題來演練下此題的.做題方式。
Paragraph 4: This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate — that is ,virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply — has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically. In the 1930's, wells encountered plentiful water at a depth of about 15 meters; currently, they must be dug to depths of 45 to 60 meters or more. In places, the water table is declining at a rate of a meter a year, necessitating the periodic deepening of wells and the use of ever-more-powerful pumps. It is estimated that at current withdrawal rates, much of the aquifer will run dry within 40 years. The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.
9. According to paragraph 4, compared with all other states that use Ogallala water for irrigation, Texas
○ Has the greatest amount of farmland being irrigated with Ogallala water
○ Contains the largest amount of Ogallala water underneath the soil
○ Is expected to face the worst water supply crisis as the Ogallala runs dry
○ Uses the least amount of Ogallala water for its irrigation needs
【解析】：
1)讀題，找到關鍵詞Texas。 一般而言，專有名詞，地點或者是時間是相對比較簡單的定位詞，因為回到原文找內容也比較方便。
2)回到原文找跟Texas有關的內容。“The situation is most critical in Texas, where the climate is driest, the greatest amount of water is being pumped, and the aquifer contains the least water. It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will, by the year 2030, support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.”從中分析出最簡化資訊“critical”與“ only 35 to 40 percent”。
3)進行選項判斷。C選項“face the worst water supply crisis”與原文“critical”一致，因此C為正確選項。
Paragraph 5：The reaction of farmers to the inevitable depletion of the Ogallala varies. Many have been attempting to conserve water by irrigating less frequently or by switching to crops that require less water. Other, however, have adopted the philosophy that it is best to use the water while it is still economically profitable to do so and to concentrate on high-value crops such as cotton. The incentive of the farmers who wish to conserve water is reduced by their knowledge that many of their neighbors are profiting by using great amounts of water, and in the process are drawing down the entire region's water supplies.
11. Paragraph 5 mentions which of the following as a source of difficulty for some farmers who try to conserve water?
○ Crops that do not need much water are difficult to grow in the High Plains.
○ Farmers who grow crops that need a lot of water make higher profits.
○ Irrigating less frequently often leads to crop failure.
○ Few farmers are convinced that the aquifer will eventually run dry.
【解析】：
1)讀題，找到定位詞。“difficulty”與“ farmers who try to conserve water”。
