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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
(1) Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
(2) The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took tight after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
(3) The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
(4) By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
(5) "We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
(6) The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
36. The researchers in this study come from __________.
A. Aby health centre
B. the Swedish army
C. the National Academy of Sciences
D. a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital
37. Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?
A. Brain size.
B. Good lung capacity.
C. Clear logical thinking.
D. Muscular strength.
38. By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT __________.
A. cognitive performance
B. heart capacity
C. verbal comprehension
D. emotional behavior
39. The study finding include the following EXCEPT that __________.
A. growth factors are significant for a person's IQ
B. young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests
C. youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
D. young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ
40. The word "secured" in the last paragraph is closes in meaning to __________.
A. insured B. assured C. obtainedD. studied
答案與解析
36.D。細節題。題幹：這項研究的研究者來自__________。根據題幹關鍵詞researcher和study可以定位到第一段和第二段的第二句，可知該研究是在Sahlgrenska Academy和Sahlgrenska University Hospital開展的，研究物件為120萬正在服役的瑞典士兵，所以選項D(一所瑞典大學及其附屬醫院)為正確答案。
37.B。細節判斷題。題幹：下列哪些是身體健康的表現?利用題幹無法定位相關資訊，可以改為利用選項關鍵詞進行相關資訊的定位。利用選項A的關鍵詞可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty ofoxygen”，即“健康意味著你有好的心臟功能和好的肺功能，同時也意味著你的大腦可以吸收很多的氧氣”，由此可知健康與大腦的大小無關，同時也可以得出B(良好的肺功能。)是正確答案。
38.D。細節判斷題。題幹：通過改進身體健康狀況，可以改善下列情況，除了__________。該題是典型的細節判斷題，所以可以利用選項關鍵詞進行定位和解答。利用選項A的關鍵詞可以定位到第五段的第一句，可知那些在15——18之間改善身體健康的年輕人可以提升他們的認知表現，題幹中的nce(題高，增進，增加)與原句improve為同義詞替換。定位選項B的關鍵詞可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart”，可知健康意味著你有好的心臟功能;定位選項C的關鍵詞可以定位到第三段的前兩句，可知身體健康與邏輯思維和言語理解存在著較大的關聯性;利用選項D的關鍵詞進行定位，無法定位到相關資訊，由此可知該題答案為D(情感行為)。
39.D。細節判斷題。題幹：研究發現包括下列情況，除了。該題是典型的細節判斷題，所以可以利用選項關鍵詞進行定位和解答。定位選項A的關鍵詞可以定位到第三段的結尾“We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”，即“我們發現成長因素也很重要”;定位選項8的關鍵詞可以定位到第一段，可知一項新的研究發現健康的年輕人智商更高且上大學的可能性更大;定位選項D的關鍵詞可以定位到第三段的最後一句，可知“這就是我們發現智商與健康的清楚的相關性，而不是與肌肉力量有相關性”，由此可知研究發現了選項A、B和C的內容，同時否定了選項D的內容，所以該題答案為D(肌肉型的和強壯的年輕人其智商更高)。
40.C。猜詞題。題幹：最後一段中“secured”的意思是__________。secure意為“保護，擔保，使獲得”，分別將四個選項帶入語境，發現obtain(取得，獲得)比較符合語境，因此該題答案為C(取得)。
