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Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system,especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animalmodel, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large 51 of raw potato starch (RPS) not onlyhad a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells,52 as leucocytes andlymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a 53 of inflammation or disease,generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests anoverall beneficial effect, a generally more 54 body. The reduction in leukocyte levels wasabout 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of 55 levels of inflammation,but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density 56 lymphocyte apoptosis issurprising.
In 57was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to 58theeffect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is 59 to simulatethe effects of a diet high in resistant starch," said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at theUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Humans do not eat 60 potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistantstarch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch--starch that is not 61 in the smallintestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption isthought to reduce the 62 of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritablebowel syndrome (IBS).
Immunology expert Lena Oman's team 63 found that the overall lymphocyte levels donot vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut,which support the hypothesis of IBS being 64 least partially all inflammatory disorder. Shesays the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet ofresistant starch may be worth 65 in IBS patients. Oman is currently at the Department ofInternal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the Journal ofChemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.
51. A. quantities
B. qualities
C. varieties
D. societies
52. A. so
B. even
C. just
D. such
53. A. path
B. threat
C. result
D. cause
54. A. unhealthy
B. simple
C. healthy
D. poor
55. A. reduced
B. removed
C. reflected
D. recovered
56. A. because
B. or
C. but
D. and
57. A. what
B. where
C. which
D. that
58. A. respond to
B. result in
C. turn out
D. find out
59. A. designed
B. analyzed
C. ensured
D. checked
60. A. large
B. many
C. cooked
D. raw
61. A. digested
B. considered
C. treated
D. included
62. A. position
B. effect
C. risk
D. safety
63. A. personally
B. previously
C. differently
D. similarly
64. A. on
B. at
C. in
D. of
65. A. try
B. to try
C. tried
D. trying
答案與解析
51.A。本題考查修飾名詞的量詞。題幹：西班牙的調查者發現用未經加工的土豆澱粉餵養的豬不僅腸道更健康，而且……。此處表示“大量未經加工的土豆澱粉”，largequantities of意為“大量的”，可修飾不可數名詞，也可修飾可數名詞的複數形式。
52.D。本題考查句意和固定搭配。題幹：而且白血細胞的水平降低了，一如血液中的白細胞和淋巴細胞的數量。此處表示舉例子，such as意為“例如”，符合題意。
53.c。本題考查句意和名詞。題幹：白細胞通常是身體受到考驗而出現炎症和疾病時產生的。此處表示“白細胞是由於炎症或疾病產生的”，as a result of是個固定搭配，意思是“由於”，後面是原因。
54.C。本題考查句意和形容詞。題幹：西班牙研究者們所觀察到的白細胞水平的整體下調，意味著未經加工的土豆澱粉具有全面的有益作用，也就是總的來說身體是更加__________。由空格前的“an overall beneficial effect”可知，此處表示“更加健康的身體”，healthy符合題幹要求。
55.A。本題考查句意和動詞。題幹：淋巴細胞數量的降低顯示炎症指標的__________……此處表示“淋巴細胞數量的降低表明炎症指標的下降”，根據題意，reduce是正確答案。
56.D。本題考查邏輯關係和固定搭配。題幹：淋巴細胞數量的降低顯示炎症指標的下降，然後觀察到的淋巴細胞濃度和淋巴細胞凋亡的減少卻是驚人的。both…and…意思是“既……也……”，符合題意。
57.A。本題考查句意和從句引導詞。題幹：對此進行的最長的研究，是用未經加工的土豆澱粉餵養豬14個星期後來找到澱粉對腸道健康的影響。what引導的句子做介詞in的賓與從句，且what在賓語從句中做主語，符合題意。
58.D。本題考查句意和動詞片語。題幹：對此進行的最長的研究，是用未經加工的土豆澱粉餵養豬14個星期後來找到澱粉對腸道健康的影響。此處表示“用未經加工的土豆澱粉餵養豬14周後來找出澱粉對腸道健康的影響”，find out符合題意。
59.A。本題考查句意和動詞。題幹：在試驗中使用未經加工的土豆澱粉，目的就是為了模擬富含耐久澱粉的飲食所起的作用。此處表示“在試驗中使用未經加工的土豆澱粉，就是為了模擬富含抗性澱粉的飲食所起的作用”，be designed to意為“目的是”，符合題意。
60.D。本題考查句意和形容詞。題幹：人們不吃未經加工的土豆，但是卻吃很多富含耐久澱粉的食物。此處表示“人們不吃未經加工的土豆”，raw potatoes意為“未經加工的`土豆”，符合題意。
61.A。本題考查句意和動詞。題幹：人們食用的澱粉大約有10%為耐久澱粉，也就是不能在小腸中消化，而是分流到大腸，在大腸中發酵的澱粉。此處表示“人們食用的澱粉大約有10%為抗性澱粉，也就是不能在小腸中消化的澱粉”，根據題意，只能選擇A(消化)。
62.C。本題考查句意和名詞。題幹：食用澱粉被認為可以降低大腸癌的患病概率，還有可能對過敏性腸綜合症起作用。此處表示“食用澱粉被認為可以降低患大腸癌的風險”，根據題意，只有risk符合要求，所以答案為C。
63.B。本題考查句意和副詞。題幹：免疫學專家Lena Ohman的研究小組先前曾發現過敏性腸綜合症病人的淋巴細胞數量並沒有改變。通過該句的下一分旬前but的語義可知，兩個分旬問應為轉折關係，因此此處填入previously表示以前的情況，但後來經過研究有所突破。
64.B。本題考查句意和固定介詞搭配。題幹：，但是淋巴細胞卻是從周圍的血液轉移到腸內，這就給過敏性腸綜合症至少部分是炎症性疾病的假設提供了依據。at least的意思是“至少”，符合題意，故B為正確答案。
65.D。本題考查動詞的各種形式。題幹：因為如此，西班牙人觀察到的淋巴細胞的減少很有趣，耐久澱粉食品也許值得在過敏性腸綜合症病人身上試驗。be worth doing，表示“值得做某事”，符合題意，故正確答案為C。
