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Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
譯文：
找到速效治療劑可以更好控制結核病
世界衛生組織估計全球有大約三分之一的人感染了導致結核病的病菌。大多數時候，這種感染是不活躍的'。但是每年大約有八百萬結核病病例，通常是在肺部。兩百萬人因此喪命。結核病發病率由於艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結核病的出現而增加。
目前的治療至少需要六個月。患病者不得不每日服用多種抗生素藥品。許多人在稍感舒適後就停止使用藥品，這麼做可能導致抗藥性感染。公共衛生專家一致認為針對結核病的速效治療劑將會更加有效果。現在有一項研究評估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大。這項研究由美國哈佛大學國際衛生方面的教授率領。Joshua Salomon說，療程較短的治療計劃可能不僅僅意味著更多病人被治好，也意味著將感染傳給別人的病人會更少。
研究者們設計了一個數學模型來檢測兩個月治療計劃的效果。他們以東南亞目前的結核病情況來檢驗這個模型。科學家們發現兩個月的治療可以防止大約20%的新病例，也可能防止大約25%因結核病引起的死亡。這個模型表明，如果速效治療劑可以在2012年前研發出來並大規模使用的話，減少結核病例在2012年到2030年間就可以實現。
世界衛生組織在1990年制定了DOTS計劃，DOTS意指短期直接觀察治療。衛生工作者監督結核病人每天服藥，以確信他們繼續治療。
今年年初，一個國際組織同盟宣佈了一項擴大DOTS的計劃。這個十年計劃也旨在資助新結核藥品的研究。現在四種最常用的藥品也有四十多年的歷史了。全球結核病藥物開發聯盟宣稱它的長期目標是找到一種治療方法，可以通過十次劑量就效果。
