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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more 1 to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analysed the 2 of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link 3 good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for 4 thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a 5 in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung 6 and that your brain gets plenty of 7," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons 8 we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular9. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. "
By analysing data for twins, the researchers have been 10 to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a 11 IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who12 their physical fitness between ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Mafia Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical 13 is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests 14 national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in 15. Those who were fit at I 8 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
1. A. carefully
B. secretly
C. likely
D. happily
2. A. answers
B. works
C. scores
D. results
3. A. behind
B. between
C. among
D. without
4. A. logical
B. critical
C. typical
D. positive
5. A. place
B. game
C. role
D. trick
6. A. capacity
B. disease
C. shape
D. treatment
7. A. change
B. hydrogen
C. oxygen
D. memory
8. A. what
B. why
C. how
D. where
9. A. exercise
B. training
C. strength
D. movement
10. A. able
B. clever
C. lucky
D. clear
11. A. moderate
B. average
C. lower
D. higher
12. A. ignore
B. improve
C. Like
D. determine
13. A. examination
B. labour
C. movement
D. education
14. A. before
B. after
C. without
D. during
15. A. marriage
B. life
C. residence
D. service
答案與解析：
1.C。本文第一句就將主題表明：Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ(身體健康的年輕人智商也高)。根據此論斷可以推斷，智商高的人進入大學學習的可能性也高。讀完全文便可知這個推斷是對的。所以，本題的答案只能是likely。
2.D。第二段第二句說明，該項研究的樣本是1950—1976年之間入伍的120萬新兵。新兵們報到時接受了體格測試和智商測試。研究人員對這兩類測試的資料進行了分析。四個選項只有results符合這層意思。answers(答案)、works(作品)、scores(分數)都不合適。
3.B。上文多次論及身體健康與智商之間的關係。本句又重述兩者的聯絡。四個選項中有個between，答案非它莫屬。amon9是“在……之中”，數量超過兩個人或兩件事時才用among。本句只說兩者的關係，所以不能選amon9。選項behind和without的意思均與上下文不符。
4.A。填詞所在的句子的意思是，身體健康與某種思維和語言理解能力有關。某種思維應該就是邏輯思維，故選A。其他三個選項critical(臨界的;評論的)，typical(典型的)和positive(正面的)與上下文意思相去甚遠，不會是答案。
5.C。play a role是固定片語，填入所在句子後，上下文的意思連貫，所以是答案。play a place沒有這種搭配，play a game(玩遊戲)和play a trick(惡作劇)與上下文的意思不符。
6.A。由於“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung…”說的是：健康意味著心肺功能好，所以選項disease(疾病)和treatment(治療)可以排除，而good heart and lung後接shape(形狀)，意思是“好的心肺形狀”，這與健康的關係也遠了一些。故本題只有capacity(能力)才是答案。
7.c。如前所述，身體健康意味著心肺好，這與大腦有什麼關係呢?常識告訴我們，呼吸順暢，通過肺部進入血液的氧氣也多;心功能良好，就能有效地將帶有氧氣的新鮮血液源源不斷地輸送到大腦，大腦就能活躍地工作。所以，選項oxygen是答案。
8.B。reason(s)後面的定語從句中的關係副詞要用whv。
9.C。第三段第二句給本題的答案中提供了線索：“But it is only fitness that playS a role in the results for the IQ test，and not strength.(是健康，而不是力量，對智商測試的結果起了作用)”。本題的句子重複了上述論斷，所以，缺失的詞應該是strength。這一次作者把strength說得更清楚，指的`是muscular strength(肌肉力量)。故本題的答案為c。
10.A。本句的意思是，研究人員分析雙胞胎智商上的差異來說明智商差異不會來自基因，因為雙胞胎的基因是相同的;智商差異來自後天的環境因素。填入本句最適合的詞是able。clever，lucky和clear都不合適;因為研究人員只有通過分析資料才能夠得出結論，而不是靠幸運、聰明等。
11.D。文章反覆論述，一個人身體健康，其智商也高。本句前面用的是fitness(健壯體魄)，後面出現的是IQ，修飾它的形容詞就一定是higher。
12.B。根據全文的主要論點進行判斷，本題的句子表達的意思一定是增強體質與提高智商成正比。所以，填入句子的動詞的詞義一定與提高和改善認知能力(cognitive performance)有關。根據這一推論，入選的選項只有improve。
13.D。研究一下句子“This being the case，physical is a subject…”，就知道physical加上要填入空格中的詞應該是一門學科(subject)的名稱。四個選項中，只有physical education(體育)是門學科，所以，答案是D。
14.D。第二段曾說道新兵報到入伍時，接受了體格測試，本題的句子用的是複數形式的tests，說明他們在服兵役期間可能接受多次體格檢查，所以要選during(national service)，而before、after、without都與上述意思不配合。
15.B。研究人員將新兵報到入伍時體格測試和智商測試的結果和他們後來的社會經濟地位進行了比較。比較的是哪方面的社會經濟地位呢?最合理的選擇是later in life(後來的生活中)。而laterinmarriage(後來的婚姻中)，laterin residence(後來的居住中)或later in service(後來的服務中)與社會經濟地位搭配，顯得十分勉強，所以不會是答案。
