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大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析

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大學英語四級閱讀真題長難句型分析

 長難句一

Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升級) systems. (07.12 Passage 1)

分析主幹:courses can run (on...)

Although 引導讓步狀語從句。investment in...表示“在......方面的投資”。不定式to support... 是賓語investment 的補足語,“專案需要投資來支援相關軟體”(因為)support 的邏輯主語不是programs 而是investment,所以該不定式應該是補語,而非目的狀語)。譯文:雖然一些規模更大的課程需要斥資增加新的伺服器、擴建網路來支援配套的軟體,但大部分遠端教育課程可以在現有的或稍加升級的系統上執行。

 長難句二

While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:it is clear that...

句首的While 引導讓步狀語從句,“儘管”......。it is clear......中,it 是形式主語,省略連線詞that 的從句there is...才是句子的真正主語。in ensuring...是there be 句型的狀語成分,“在確保......方面”。ensuring 後面接的是省略that 的賓語從句。

譯文:雖然有許多好而有用的宣告,但是,很明顯,要確保購買者完全知曉所購產品對環境的影響還需要很長的時間。

長難句三

They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, "Geez, if it could happen to him,..."(08.12 Passage 1)

主幹:They only come in

引導時間狀語從句,而且引導兩個並列的從句:a friend drops dead...以及they think...。引號中的是直接引語,作think的賓語。

2.本句在理解上的一個難點是,they think究竟是與they come in並列還是與a friend drops dead並列。從語言形式上看,兩種理解都可以;但從語義邏輯上看,應該是“他們只有在想到...的時候才來”,把they think歸到時間狀語從句中更合理。

譯文:只有當一位朋友在高爾夫球場猝死時,他們才來看醫生。他們會想到:“哎呀,如果這樣的事能發生在他身上,...”

  長難句四

Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相對於) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. (07.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:I would fight...

when 引導時間狀語從句。本句理解上的難點不在語法結構,而在語言本身所表達的內容。was pushed into...表明作者不是主動參與這類爭論的。an argument on...“在......方面的爭論”。on my behalf “代表我自己,為我自己。”

譯文:有時候,當我與別人爭論左腦與右腦的問題,或者是先天天賦與後天培育的問題時,我會馬上站在我的立場以及所有女性同胞的立場上給予狠狠的反駁遙。

  長難句五

As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come out from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:the ideas will come out and let themselves be captured...

句首的as 引導時間狀語從句。主句部分是複合謂語,有兩個由and 連線的並列謂語。

譯文:隨著話語開始流淌,思想也會逐漸明朗化,使自己呈現在你的筆記本或者螢幕上。

長難句六

While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben & Jerry‘s. (06.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:the government has granted her permission and she has returned to...

While 引導時間狀語從句。本句主句是由and 連線兩個分句構成的並列句,兩個分句都用了現在完成時,與狀語從句的一般現在時對照來看,表明主句中的兩個動作都是在await 期間完成。grant 後面接了雙賓語,間接賓語是her,直接賓語是permission。

譯文:在她等待結果出來期間,政府給予她在美國的工作許可,她已經返回到她在Ben & Jerry 冰激凌連鎖店的工作崗位。

長難句七

Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter‘s experience. (07.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:I had to accept the fact...

Because 引導原因狀語從句。該從句用了know little about...結構,about 有兩個賓語。that 引導的從句是即farm animals 和angels,中間用or 連線,兩個名詞分別都有定語從句加以修飾。主句部分fact 帶有that 引導的同位語從句。

譯文:因為我對會使用工具的家畜和上一年級的天使一無所知,所以我得承認這樣的事實:我在借用我女兒的經驗。

  長難句八

The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:院The standards ban claims本句只含一個原因狀語從句,結構上較為簡單。值得注意的是,句中的名詞片語大多含有修飾成分,如:The ISO labeling standards, claims on product packaging, terms such as...。

譯文:ISO 標識標準禁止在商品的包裝上出現模糊的或會引起誤導的產品說明,因為我們無法證明類似“環保”、“無汙染”等這樣的字樣。

  長難句九

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (課程大綱), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)

分析主幹:distance learning signifies a course

1.句首While 引導狀語從句,有讓步、對比之意。

which 引導定語從句修飾a course,該從句本身是and 連線兩個分句構成的並列結構,兩個分句分別講到有關老師和學生的情況。post... on Websites 結構中,post 含有3 個賓語。

譯文:雖然網路課程提供的教學形式會各不相同,但遠端學習通常都表現為這樣一種課程:教師將課程大綱、閱讀作業及課程進度安排在網站上公佈,學生通過電子郵件提交作業。

 長難句十

While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:they cannot work...

While 引導讓步狀語從句,“儘管......”。從句中的employ 表示“採用”,不定式to get...作目的狀語。work in parallel“並行不悖地起作用”。no matter how 也引導讓步狀語從句,表示“無論多麼......”。

譯文“儘管要完成定稿這兩種思維都不可或缺,可是它們卻不能並行著參與寫作過程-----無論我們多麼認為原本如此。

 長難句十一

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:people may be "well"

主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain),修飾health。

譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。

  長難句十二

Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well,"in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. (06.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:people may be "well"

主句的主語people 有一個who 引導的定語從句修飾。if 引導條件狀語從句,從句中的they can 是省略形式的定語從句(相當於they can maintain),修飾health。

譯文:在這種新的意義上來說,甚至有生理疾患或缺陷的`人也是“健康的”,如果他們在面對身體缺陷時盡力去達到可能的最好健康狀況的話。

  長難句十三

Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the page as the deadline draws near. (07.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:you will believe that... and you will end up staring...

本句主句是and 連線兩個分句構成的並列句。前一個分句中,that 引導的從句作believe 的賓語,該賓語從句中又包含一個由than 引導的比較狀語從句。後一個分句中,謂語部分是end up doing 結構,staring...作主語補足語。

譯文:你很有可能會以為這樣加工整理素材會讓你時間不夠用,結果是最後隨著交稿日期的逐漸臨近,你將只是盯著稿件發呆。

  長難句十四

Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. (09.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:the show inspired designers

本句是簡單句。過去分詞短語Organized by...在句中作狀語,用以補充說明主語的背景資訊。謂語部分用了inspire sb. to do 結構,不定式短語to work with...是賓語補足語。

譯文:這次時裝秀由總部位於紐約的非盈利組織Earth Pledge 主辦,激發了許多頂尖設計師第一次使用不破壞生態平衡的布料設計時裝。

  長難句十五

This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional (過渡型的) cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. (09.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:Wal-Mart is set to announce a (major) initiative: it will buy (transitional)cotton...

1.本句冒號後的內容是對前文initiative 的詳細闡述,相當於一個同位語從句。

2.冒號前的分句中,謂語動詞用了be set to do 結構,過去分詞短語aimed to...是initiatives 的後置定語,相當於一個定語從句。

3.冒號後的分句中,結構簡單,其中helping to...是現在分詞短語,作謂語動詞buy 的狀語,表示目的。

譯文:本週沃爾瑪超市準備出臺一項重大舉措,目的在於幫助棉農種植有機棉:沃爾瑪將以更高的價格收購過渡型的棉花,以此幫助擴大一種重要有機原材料的供應。

 長難句十六

Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. (07.12 Passage 2)

分析主幹:I offered suggestions (for...)

句首的Telling 是現在分詞,作狀語,表示伴隨動作:它帶了一個賓語從句,從句的表語writer 後接了一個作定語的現在分詞guiding...。主句部分的介詞for 帶有三個名詞作賓語,與suggestion 連用,表示“對.......的建議”。

譯文:我對自己說,我只是一個有經驗的作家,在指導身邊的一位年輕作家。我對她的那些故事中的人物堯衝突及結局提出建議。

  長難句十七

Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接觸) of emailing would make it easier to lie. (06.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars...

不定式to be the biggest liars 在句中作賓語emailers 的補語。現在分詞reasoning在句中作伴隨狀語。that 引導從句作reasoning 的賓語。該賓語從句又包含一個原因狀語從句,由because 引導。

譯文:有些心理學家原以為人們在電子郵件中最容易撒謊,理由是:欺騙使人感到不舒服,所以電子郵件這種非直接接觸的媒介能讓人的謊言更容易說出口。

  長難句十八

Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge ( 大雜燴) ofenvironmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday. (05.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:Consumers are being confused and misled by...

本句用了現在進行時的被動語態,含兩個謂語動詞confused 和misled。過去分詞短語made by...和published by...分別修飾前面的名詞claims 和study。

譯文:根據消費者國際組織在星期五發表的野綠色商標冶研究報告,消費者受到了各種家居產品五花八門的環保宣告的誤導,都被搞糊塗了。

  長難句十九

I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent蒺s intentional and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. (05.6 Passage 1)

分析主幹:I have (also) witnessed a player reacting

reacting 在句中是現在分詞,作賓語a player 的補語;by... hitting...是reacting 的方式狀語,hitting 作介詞by 的賓語。as hard as he could 是比較結構,表示“盡力”。

譯文:還有一次我看到過一個球員在比賽中因為對方的一個有意犯規阻擋,而故意使足了力氣把球砸向對方。

  長難句二十

Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits. (08.6 Passage 2)

分析主幹:someone will glance...

本句是個簡單句,謂語動詞glance 後接介詞短語through purchases or bills。不定式短語to find out...在句中作狀語,表示“無意中一瞥”的結果。

譯文:或者有人會隨意翻閱你的信用卡購物單或手機話費單,以此來了解你的購物喜好或通話習慣。