BEC的高階證書，難度還是比較大的，它要求學員有比較好的英語水平，因為它的目的性非常強，適用範圍劃分十分明確。以下是yjbys網小編整理的關於商務英語BEC高階閱讀指導，供大家備考。
INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES and TERMS to DESCRIBE THEM國際公司和描述術語
Many of the terms in international business are confusing because writers, both in the popular media and in governmental ad academic reports, use them to define different things.
在國際業務中許多條款因為書寫方式而混亂，，無論是在大眾媒體和廣告的學術報告還是政府，用它們來定義不同的事物。
There are numerous ways that companies may work together in international operations, such as through joint ventures, licensing, management contracts, minority ownership in each other`s company, or long-term contractual arrangements. An all-encompassing term to describe these operations is collaborative arrangements.
有許多方法，企業可以一起進行國際業務，如通過合資，許可證，管理合同，對於少數的公司，可安排長期合同。一個包羅永珍的術語來描述這些行動就是安排合作。
Another term, strategic alliance, can sometimes mean the same things, but more narrowly – to indicate an agreement that is of critical importance to the competitive viability of one or more partners.
另一個專門名詞“戰略同盟”有時可指同一事件，但含義更為狹隘，它指一項對一個或更多經營夥伴的競爭上的生命力極為重要的協議。
We shall use strategic alliance only in its narrower meaning.
更狹隘的意義是我們將使用較窄的戰略同盟。
The multinational enterprise ( MNE ) is a company that takes a global approach to foreign markets and production. It is willing to consider market and production locations anywhere in the world. The true MNE usually uses most of the modes discussed so far.
多國企業(跨國公司)公司是指全球性，可以對一個外國市場和生產。它原意考慮在世界市場和生產場所的任何地方。真正的跨國公司通常採用到目前為止討論的模式。
However, it can be difficult to determine whether a company takes this global approach, so narrower definitions of the term multinational enterprise have emerged. For example, some say a company, to qualify as an MNE, must have production facilities in some minimum number of countries or be of a certain size ( usually in terms of sales ). Under this definition, an MNE usually would have to be a giant company.
然而,很難決定公司採取這個全球性的定義,所以較窄的跨國企業的術語層出不窮。例如,一些人認為一個公司,擁有跨國公司資格,必須在一些國傢俱有一定規模生產設施或最低數量(通常以銷售額計算)。在這個定義,一個跨國公司通常是指一個巨大規模的公司。
However, a small company also can take a global approach within its resource capabilities and might use most of the operating forms we have discussed; therefore, most writers today use the term to include any company that has operations in more than one country.
可是，一家小型公司也能在它的資源能力範圍內採取一種全球性的方法，而且可能採用我們已經論述的大多數經營方式。因此，現今大多數作者所使用的這個專門名詞，都包括任何一家在超過一個國家中擁有經營活動的公司。
The term multinational corporation ( MNC ) is also commonly used in the international business arena and often is a synonym for MNE. We prefer the MNE designation because there are many internationally involved companies, such as accounting partnerships, that are not organized as corporations. Another term sometimes used interchangeably with MNE, especially by the United Nations, is transnational company ( TNC ).
多國公司(跨國公司)一詞也常用在國際商業舞臺上，往往是跨國公司的代名詞。我們更喜歡跨國公司的指定，因為有很多國際的公司，如合作伙伴關係，是不是公司組織的。另一個詞有時可以與跨國公司互換使用，尤其是由聯合國，是跨國公司(跨國公司)。
However, this term also has two other meanings. The first ( and earliest ) is a company owned and managed by nationals in different countries. For example, Royal Dutch Shell is a company whose owners and corporate management are split between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. However, this type of company is uncommon, so we don`t often use the term in this way. Today, the most common use of the term has come from writers on international business strategy.
然而，這個術語也有兩個其他的意義。第一個(最早)是一個擁有並在不同國家的國民託管公司。例如，荷蘭皇家殼牌公司，其業主和企業管理不和導致分成英國公司和荷蘭公司。然而，這種型別的公司並不常見，所以我們不經常使用這種術語。今天，這個詞最常出現在國際化經營戰略中。
They use the term to maen an organization in which capabilities and contributions may differ by country but are developed and integrated into its worldwide operations.
他們使用這個專門名詞來說明，一家經營機構的能力和貢獻可能在不同國家之間有區別，但已發展和融入其全球性的經營活動。
This type of organization learns from all its operating environments and uses that knowledge throughout its global operations.
這種組織學習的型別在其全球業務利用所有操作的環境和知識。Companies with international operations can be global or multidomestic. A global company, sometimes called a globally integrated company, integrates its operations that are located in different countries.
進行國際業務的公司可以是跨全球或跨本國的。一個全球性公司，有時也被稱為全球性的`綜合公司，它在不同的國家設有業務。For example, it might design a product or service with a global market segment in mind. Or it might depend on its operations in different countries to produce the components used in its products and services. In this type of company, the development of capabilities and the decisions to diffuse them globally are essentially made in the company`s home country.
例如，它可以設計一個具有全球考慮市場的產品或服務。或者，它可能取決於不同國家生產其產品和服務所使用的元件在其業務。在這個公司，基本上在該公司的總部運用決策的能力和發展型向全球擴散。
A multidomestic company, sometimes called a locally responsive company and sometimes a multinational company, allows each of its foreign-country operations to act fairly independently, such as by designing and producing a product or service in France for the French market and in Japan for the Japanese market.
一個跨本國公司,有時被稱為一種本地公司,有時一家跨國公司,允許它的各個外國公司操作的行為又相當獨立,如如通過設計和生產的產品或服務在法國為了法國市場，在日本為了日本市場。
Thus a global company and a multidomestic company differ in the degree of integration among company operations in defferent countries. However, a company`s operations may be global, while its marketing is multidomestic.
因此，一個全球性公司和跨本國公司不同點在於公司之間的一體化程度不同模式下運作。然而，公司的業務可能是全球性的，而它的營銷是國內性的。
The TNC is like the global company in that it leverages the capabilities of both the home country and the foreign countries where it operates, but its main location of power within the organization may be geographically dispersed.
跨國公司和全球公司相似之處在於它們在其經營所在的本國和外國舉債經營潛力的開發，但它們的經營機構內力量的主要所在地在地理位置上可能是分散的。
