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SECTION III Reading Comprehension
( 50 minutes)
Read tile following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1Austerity is a word often found on the lips of politicians and economists at the moment, but it
is seldom heard from technologists. And although the idea that "less is more" has many adherents in architecture, design and fashion, the technology industry has historically espoused the opposite view. Products should have as many features as possible; and next year's version should have even more. As prices fall, what starts off as a fancy new feature quickly becomes commonplace--try buying a phone without a camera, or a car without electric windows--prompting companies to add new features in an effort to outdo their rivals. Never mind if nobody uses most of these new fea-tures. In an arms race, more is always more.
But now there are signs that technologists are waking up to the benefits of minimalism, thanks to two things: feature fatigue among consumers who simply want things to work, and strong de- mand from less affluent consumers in the developing world. It is telling that the market value of Apple, the company most closely associated with simple, elegant high-tech products, recently overtook that of Microsoft, the company with the most notorious case of new-features. True, Apple's products contain lots of features under the hood, but the company has a knack for concea- ling such complexities by using elegant designs. Other companies have also prospered by providing easy-to-use products: think of the Nintendo Wii video-game console or the Flip video camera. Gadgets are no longer just for geeks, and if technology is to appeal to a broad audience, simplicity trumps fancy specificatiorns.
Another strand of techno-austerity can be found in software that keeps things simple in order to reduce distractions and ensure that computer-users remain focused and productive. Many word pro- cessors now have special full-screen modes, so that all unnecessary and distracting menus, palettes and so on are disabled or hidden; rather than fiddling with font sizes or checking e-mail, you are encouraged to get on with your writing. If the temptation to have a quick look at proves too much, there are programs that will disable access to particular websites at specified times of day; and if that is not draconian enough, there are even some programs that can block internet ac- cess altogether. A computer on which some features are not present, or have been deliberately disa- bled, may in fact be more useful if you are trying to get things done. There are no distracting hy- perlinks on a typewriter. Then there is the phenomenon of "frugal" innovation. Low-cost laptops were inspired to be produced for children in poor countries, but have since proved popular with consumers around the world.
All this offers grounds for hope. If the feature-obsessed technology industry can change its tune, perhaps there is a chance that governments--which have also tended to be inveterate believers in the idea that more is more--might also come to appreciate the merits of minimalism.
51. What does "less is more" mean?
A. The less expensive a product is, the more popular it will be.
B. The simpler a product is, the better the design is.
C. The less fancy a product looks, the more competitive it becomes.
D. The fewer features a product has, the more difficult to sell it.
52. Who used to believe in the concept tl)at "more is more"?
A. Politicians and economists.
B. Technologists.
C. Architectural designers.
D. Fashion designers.
53. The importance of minimalism has been realized for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A. consumer preference has changed and frugality has been highly valued.
B. consumers want to buy new products regardless of their features.
C. Apple's products show a smart combination of features and design.
D. high-tech products with an elegant appearance are getting popular.
54. What type of computers will probably represent the trend?
A. Computers with hypedinks.
B. Computers with new functions.
C. Computers with fairly comprehensive programs.
D. Computers with hidden features used at users' disposal.
55. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. In Praise of Techno-austerity
B. Frugality Is the Mother of Invention
C. Simplicity vs. Complexity
D. Obsession with Features
Text 2
Miserabilists' fear of change; idealists' hope for a better world; an all-purpose adult nostalgia for lost youth: all these things ensure a ready hearing for claims that childhood is in crisis. Britons are especially worried. They fear that the young today are sadder than previous generations-- stressed, and turned off learning by too much testing. Children may be nastier as well: bullying is an "epidemic" in schools, according to one recent survey. They seem in danger like never wonder a report published on February 2nd by the Children's Society, entitled "A Good Childhood", claiming that far too few British children have one, has received widespread notice. Children suffer because adults put their own needs first, the panel concluded, and only a wholesale shift away from competitiveness and individualism can save them. Right-wing commentators agreed with its criticism of single parents and working mothers, left-wing ones with its call for more redis- tribution of income and less-advertising to children. Both overlooked one striking finding: that most children are doing just fine.
Amid the statistics on teenage pregnancy rates ( higher than elsewhere in Europe, lower than in America), mental illness (a tenth of 5-16-year-olds are sufferers) and drunkenness (a third of 13-15-year-olds have been drunk at least twice, a share three times higher than the European aver- age), came some more heartening figures: 70% of ll-16-year-olds say they are very, or com- pletely, happy, and only 4% say that they are at all unhappy. The report rolls the latter in with the9% of children who describe themselves as neither happy nor unhappy to claim that 13% are "less than happy". But clearly, very few children agree with adults that they are in deep trouble.
In "Reclaiming Childhood", Helene Guldberg, a child psychologist at the Open University, examines the same facts and draws different conclusions. Rising rates of mental illness among the young, she argues, reflect readier diagnosis, and bullying has increased because the word is now used to mean the infliction of even the slightest emotional bruise. She thinks many attempts to im- prove children's lives, such as anti-bullying campaigns, and the parenting lessons proposed by the Children's Society, are likely to be counterproductive. "Suggesting that all parents need to be taught how to do their job risks creating a self-fulfilling belief in parents' incompetence and children's lack of resilience," she says.
Britain is no Utopia, of course. As in other rich countries, children find it too easy to sit in- doors, staring at screens and overeating. They lack the protection afforded by the Nordic belief in the sacredness of outdoor play, or the shared family meals of Mediterranean countries. A large mi- nority ape their elders' drinking habits and a few, but still too many, become parents while still children themselves.
56. Britons are worried about the following EXCEPT that
A. children's learning is crammed with too much testing.
B. they are confronted with a lot of hardships in their life.
C. there is more and more school violence in Britain today.
D. young Britons today are sadder than previous generations.
57. The report published by the Children's Society
A. was criticized by right-wing commentators.
B. has aroused the attention of the general public.
C. concluded that most children in Britain are doing fine.
D. argued that single-parents should put children's needs first.
58. According to statistics, teenagers in Britain
A. have a higher pregnancy rate than those in America.
B. agree with adults that childhood in Briton is in crisis.
C. describe themselves, in great numbers, as neither happy nor unhappy.
D. suffer more serious drinking problems than those in Europe.
59. In "Reclaiming Childhood", the author argues that
A. mental problems among the young should be diagnosed carefully.
B. campaigns aimed at improving children's lives are very effective.
C. more bullying occurs because its definition has been extended.
D. parents should be taught how to fulfill their parental duties.
60. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A. britons should revive the tradition of shared family meals.
B. teenage parents evade responsibility of raising their children.
C. drinking habits pass down from generation to generation.
D. there isrich variety of indoor activities for British children.
Text 3
Daffodils bloom and chocolate eggs melt as the long Easter weekend draws near. Alongside such pleasures is another, equally seasonal: the annual outpouring from the teaching unions' con- ferences, whose massed pedagogues can always be relied on to provide a few news stories to de- light the headline writers.
Guaranteed are lamentations about parents and pupils, both inferior to those of yesteryear in various, not always consistent, ways. Fairly standard attempts to blame the raw materials rather than inadequate workmen, but these moans are given a ready hearing because they confirm the fears of many readers ( and not a few editors) that the nation's moral fibre is in shreds.
Also lapped up are the crazy conference motions, such as the proposal in 2007 for a curricu- lum based on fancy "skills" rather than fusty "knowledge". Union activists in most walks of life are well to the left of those they represent, and teaching-union loyalists are no exception. But such stories resonate because they fit the widespread stereotype of teachers as sandal-wearing, Guardian- reading lefties. It is one that has little evidence to back it up. The Guardian is indeed the profession's favourite newspaper, but not by miles. And teachers, tendency to vote Labour is of recent origin, and may not last.
In the run-up to the 1979 election that brought Margaret Thatcher to victory, most teachers told pollsters they intended to vote Conservative. When in 1987 they defected, disillusioned by low spending on schools, they turned first to the Liberal-Social Democratic Party Alliance, the third party, before coming round to the charms of Tony Blair. In 1997, fifty-nine percent intended to vote Labour, nearly four times more than fancied the Tories. But fewer have voted Labour in each subsequent election. In 2008, the Times Education Supplement found overwhelming disapproval among teachers of Labour's school policies and a shift in voting intentions.
Teaching is in some ways a natural job for the conservatively inclined. Like the police, teach- ers see too much of human nature to remain starry-eyed. And even the dogged idealists privately admit that traditional fight-wing policies, such as physical punishment and academic selection, would make their jobs easier.
But teachers' politics are also shaped by those who train them and by the nature of the work. Both are changing. Who, ile teachers were voting Tory in 1979, education academics were intoxicated with child-centred education and discovery learning, and were turning out new teachers in that mould. The academics are still pretty left-leaning, but nearly a quarter of new teachers now train in schools rather than universities, up from a handful ten years ago. All are coming to grips with a very different profession: one shaped by a national curriculum with tests and targets.
61. The teaching unions' conferences hold the attention of the media because
A. they produce delightful news stories about teachers and students.
B. they coincide with the coming of the spring and Easter holiday.
C. teachers' quality has become a consistent public concern.
D. teachers' complaints are in agreement with the public fear of moral decline.
D. suffer more serious drinking problems than those in Europe.
59. In "Reclaiming Childhood", the author argues that
A. mental problems among the young should be diagnosed carefully.
B. campaigns aimed at improving children's lives are very effective.
C. more bullying occurs because its definition has been extended.
D. parents should be taught how to fulfill their parental duties.
60. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A. britons should revive the tradition of shared family meals.
B. teenage parents evade responsibility of raising their children.
C. drinking habits pass down from generation to generation.
D. there isrich variety of indoor activities for British children.
61. The teaching unions' conferences hold the attention of the media because
A. they produce delightful news stories about teachers and students.
B. they coincide with the coming of the spring and Easter holiday.
C. teachers' quality has become a consistent public concern.
D. teachers' complaints are in agreement with the public fear of moral decline.
62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Teaching-union activists are more left-leaning than teachers they represent.
B. Teaching-union activists disagree on what should be included in curriculum.
C. Teachers are perceived by the public as a conservative group.
D. Teachers view themselves as liberal and left-leaning Guardian readers.
63. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that
A. Tony Blair's charms tipped the balance in Labour's favor.
ur's policies are not favorable towards teachers.
C. teachers' voting intentions have been shifting to Labour.
D. the Tories have gained the favor of teachers because of their policies.
64. The word "starry-eyed" ( line 2, para. 5) probably means
A. liberal.
B. individualistic.
C. idealistic.
D. pragmatic.
65. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that
A. teachers' training has been improved in the past ten years.
B. teachers are politically inclined towards left-wing policies.
C. child-centered education and discovery learning tend to be out of date.
D. influence of academic training on new teachers has been lessened.
SECXION III Reading Comprehension
PartA
Text l
政治家和經濟學家經常會提到“節儉”這個詞，但科技專家卻少有使用。在建築，設計和時尚等領域，很多人都會支援“少即是多”的觀點，但在科技領域，人們歷來都持反對意見。產品的功能自然是越多越好;而其明年的新版本擁有的功能則應該更多。隨著價格的下跌，一開始惹人眼球的新特性很快變得平凡無奇——不信的話你可以買部沒有攝像功能的手機或是一輛沒電動車窗的車子——這使得各個公司為了勝過它們的競爭對手，競相為自己的產品增加新的特色。不管有沒有人會用這些新功能，在軍備競賽中，多多益善二有跡象表明，現在科技人員已經意識到了簡約的好處，它得益於兩點：消費者只需要正常工作的產品從而對產品的新特性產生疲倦，以及發展中國家中不十分富裕的消費者的強烈要求。最近，據說蘋果公司的市場價值超過了微軟。蘋果公司以簡單巧妙的高科技產品而聞名，而微軟則聞名於其層出不窮，繁複的新特性。誠然，蘋果的產品也包含許多新特性，但這個公司有本事能使這些繁複的東西藏身於其巧妙的產品設計中。其他公司同樣也成功地推出了簡單易用的產品：想想任天堂的 wii遊戲機或是翻轉式攝像機。精巧玩意兒不再只是電腦怪才們的專屬，如果技術是為了吸引廣大的觀眾，比起華麗，簡單的設計會更勝一籌。
在軟體方面，我們亦可發現：簡單的設計可以減少干擾，確保計算機使用者在使用過程中能夠集中精力，提高工作效率。許多文書處理軟體現在都有特殊的全屏模式，所有不必要和分散注意力的選單、調色盤等部件都被關掉或者隱藏了。與其花時間去調整字型大小或檢查電子郵件，還不如繼續寫作。如果驅使使用者快速瀏覽的誘惑太多，那麼在某個特定時間，使用者將被禁止繼續訪問;如果這還不夠嚴厲，甚至有軟體能完全將網路連線斷掉。在工作的時候，一部功能不完整，或被人為關閉的電腦實際上更有利於工作。在打字機上可沒有什麼讓人分心的超連結。考慮到那些貧困國家的孩子，人們被鼓勵去生產那些“節儉”創新低成本的膝上型電腦，但事實證明它們卻受到了世界各地消費者的青睞。
這一切讓人們有理由滿懷希望。如果致力於特性開發的那些科技產業可以改變其發展方向，或許連政府也會拋棄那些根深蒂固的“多就是多”的想法，轉而欣賞簡約主義。
51.C【精析】推理題。題目問的是…less is more’的意思是什麼?”。文章第一段提到“As prices fall，what starts off as a fancy new fea—ture quickly becomes commonplace--try buying a phone without acamera，or a car without electric windows--prompting companies to add new features in an effort to outdo their rivals.”，可知，隨著商品價格的下降，消費者更願意去購買那些外觀很簡單的商品，而這種趨勢無形中也增加了公司的競爭力。故選C。
52.B【精析】細節題。題目問的是“過去誰一直相信‘more is more’這種觀點?”。根據第一段第二句“And although the idea that”lessis more“has many adherents in architecture，design and fashion，the technology industry has historically espoused the oppositeview.”可知，建築、設計以及時尚等領域認為“少就是多”，可是技術產業的人卻持有相反的觀點，敵選B。
53.D【精析】推理題。題目問的是“簡約的重要性得以實現不是因為下面哪項原因?”。根據第二段第二句“It is telling that the marketvalue of Apple，the company most closely associated with simple，elegant high—tech products，recently overtook that of Microsoft，thecompany with the most notorious case of new—features.”可知蘋果公司的產品以簡約優雅著稱，後文也提到了其產品中也包含很多新特性，但是通過巧妙的設計，那些特性就顯得不那麼明顯，特性與設計的結合讓蘋果產品受歡迎，同時也使簡約的概念深入人心，故排除C項。根據第二段第一句“But now there aresigns that technologists are waking up to the benefits of minimal—ism，thanks to two things：feamre fatigue among consumers whosimply want things to work，and strong demand from less affluentconsumers in the developing world.”可知，消費者的心理對簡約主義是有影響的，只要商品有助於他們完成工作，特性就顯得不那麼重要了，故排除A，B項。文中並沒有提到那些外觀設計優雅的產品的受歡迎對人們意識到簡約主義重要性產生影響，故選D。
54.D【精析】細節題。題目問的是“以下列舉的具備哪種特性的電腦將成為潮流?”。根據第三段的倒數第三句“A computer on whichsome features are not present，or have been deliberately disabled，may in fact be more useful if you are trying to get things done.”可知，人們需要把注意力集中在工作上，那些會分散注意力的.特性就必須隱藏起來，所以那些功能被隱藏起來的電腦應該會更受到青睞，故選D。
55.A【精析】主旨題。題目問的是“最適合文章的題目是哪個?”。文章以“節儉”開頭，引出話題，不僅是建築設計以及時尚領域的人意識到簡約的重要性，就連一向支援“多即是多”觀點的科技產業者們也逐漸的認識到這一點，作者帶著積極的態度肯定科技簡約的重要性，故選A。
Text 2
悲觀主義者害怕改變，理想主義者期望有更好的世界，功成名就者懷念逝去的青春。所有這些動人們有理由聲稱童年時期正處於危機之中。英國人尤為擔心，他們害怕現在的高壓力以及沉重的課業會讓年輕一代比上一代人更悲觀。最新調查顯示，恃強凌弱在學校已經成為一種“熱潮”，孩子的情況可能會更糟糕：他們似乎面臨著前所未有的危險。這也就難怪兒童協會在2月2日釋出了一份題為“一個美好的童年”的報告，這份得到廣泛重視的報告聲稱極少數英國兒童有一個美好的童年。孩子受苦是因為成年人把自己的需要放在第一位。協會指出，只有遠離了競爭力和個人主義，他們才能夠得以拯救。右翼評論家批評離異的父母和工作的母親，而左翼勢力則呼籲收入再分配，減少跟兒童有關的廣告。他們都忽略了很重要的一點：實際上大多數孩子都表現很好。
在統計了青少年懷孕率(高於歐洲其他地方，低於美國)，精神疾病(5至16年齡階段的青少年有十分之一是患者)和酗酒(在l3至l5歲之間，三分之一的青少年至少喝過兩次酒，每個年齡階段都高於歐洲平均水平的3倍)等項後，該協會得出了令人振奮的資料：ll至l6歲的青少年中，有70%說他們很快樂，只有4%說他們根本不開心。報告結果後來有了擺動，與9%的描述自己既不開心又不痛苦的孩子溝通，結果顯示，13%是不快樂的。但顯然，成年人認為他們深陷困境，但很少孩子會同意這個看法。
在“找回童年”中，開放大學兒童心理學家海琳·哥爾柏格，在做了相同的測試後卻得到了不同的結論。她認為，年輕人精神疾病率上升反映出穩定可靠的診斷和欺凌增加了，因為“bully”這個詞現在用來指施加的痛苦，哪怕是最輕微的情感上的傷害。許多改善孩子們生活的嘗試，如反欺凌活動，以及被兒童協會提出的育兒經驗的活動，結果可能會適得其反。她說，“這表明所有的父母需要被教導如何做他們的工作，在對父母無能和兒童缺乏適應力上要有自己的信念。”
當然，英國不是烏托邦。在其他發達國家，很容易看到孩子坐在室內，盯著螢幕，暴飲暴食。他們缺乏北歐神聖信仰所提供的關於戶外玩耍的保護，也不像地中海國家人民那樣共享家庭聚餐。很多人去模仿長輩，養成了酗酒的習慣，同時也還有很多人，在他們自己都還是孩子的時候就已為人父為人母了。
56.A【精析】細節題。題目問的是“英國人不關心下面的哪一項?”。根據第一段中“They fear that the young today are sadder than pre—vious generations--stressed，and turned off learning by too dren may be nastier as well：bullying is atl‘epidemic’in schools，according to one recent seem in dangerlike never before.”可看出英國的孩子面臨著一些困難，暴力是其中之一，故排除B，C項。英國人擔心年輕的一代會更悲觀，故排除D項。他們擔心的不是對孩子進行的填鴨式的教育，而是害怕孩子壓力太大，拒絕學習，故選A。
57.C【精析】細節題。題目問的是“關於兒童協會中一篇報告的問題。”根據第二段最後一句“Both overlooked one striking finding：that most children are doing lust fine.”可知，右翼和左翼勢力都忽視了報告中的這一點，即大多數孩子都表現很好。故選C。
58.D【精析】細節題。題目問的是“根據文中提供的資料，我們可以得到的關於英國青少年的什麼資訊?”。由“Amid the statistics oil teenage pregnancy rates(higher than elsewhere in Europe，lowerthan in America)，”可看出英國青少年的懷孕率低於美國，故排除A項。由“But clearly，very few children agree with adults thatthey are in deep trouble.”可知，很少有孩子說他們陷入到麻煩中，故排除B項。由“the 9%of children who describe themselvesas neither happy nor unhappy”可知，只有9%的孩子說他們既不開心也不痛苦，“9%”跟“in great numbers”不是一個概念，故排除C項。根據第三段第一句“…drurkkenness(a third of l3—-olds have been drunk at least twice，a share three times higherthan the European average)”可知，在英國的l3歲至l5歲的青少年中，每個年齡段酗酒率都是高於歐洲國家平均水平的，故選D。
59.D【精析】細節題。題目問的是“在找回童年的測試中，作者主張了什麼?”。文中第四段“Suggesting that all parents need to be taughthow to do their job risks creating a self-fulfilling belief in parents’incompetence and children’s lack of resilience.”，父母應該學些關於父母的責任的知識，故選D。
60.B【精析】推理題。題目問的是“從最後一段我們可以推測出什麼?”。英國的孩子不能像別的國家的孩子那樣享受童年的樂趣，文中有“A large minodty ape their elders’drinking habits and afew，but still toO many，become parents while still children them—selves.”，可以看出，作為父母，他們逃避責任，甚至有些父母自己還是孩子，就做了父母，沒有做好表率作用，故選B。
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參考譯文
當漫長的復活節週末來臨時，水仙花盛開，巧克力蛋融化。同樣的季節，有另一件讓人開心的事情：A。4f]依靠每年從教師工會的會議中湧現出的教育者提供的一些新聞來愉悅時事作家。
對家長和學生的保證讓人悲嘆，還不如昔日那些半途而廢的方法。一般人都企圖責怪原料，而不是缺少工人，但人們願意去聽這些呻吟，因為他們確認許多讀者(而不是少數的編輯)的擔憂，國家的道德本質已經是支離破碎了。
瘋狂的會議議案也被欣然接受，如在2007年提出的基於高超技能而不是過時知識課程的建議。大多數行業的工會活動家偏向於他們所代表的左翼勢力，教學工會的支持者也不例外。但這樣的事件引起了共鳴，因為它們符合教師普遍的刻板形象——穿著涼鞋，讀著《衛報》，代表著左翼分子。但實際上，幾乎沒有什麼證據來支援它。《衛報》不愧是該行業中最受歡迎的報紙，但其受眾面並不廣。教師支援工黨是最近才興起的，它可能不會持續太久。
1979年的競選給撒切爾夫人帶來勝利，在民意調查中大部分教師打算投票給保守黨。l987年他們對學校的低支出感到失望，轉而投奔自由社會民主黨聯盟，其是在託尼·布萊爾上臺之前的第三大黨。1997年，59%的人意投工黨的票，人數幾乎是支援保守黨的四倍。但在之後的選舉中，很少有人投票給工黨。2008年，《時代教育增刊》發現教師對工黨政策的極力反對從而轉變了其表決意向。
在某些方面，教學對於保守傾向的人來說是份內之事。像警察一樣，教師們把人的天性看的太理想化。就連頑固的理想主義者私下也承認，傳統的右翼政策，如體罰和學術選拔，都會使他們的工作更容易。
但教師的政見也受到那些培養他們的人以及工作本身的性質的影響。兩者都是不斷變化的。l979年當老師們給保守黨投票的時候，教育學者都陶醉於以孩子為中心的教育和發現學習，同時培養一批新的教師。學者們仍然相當左傾，但與十年前相比，現在近四分之一的新教師培訓是在學院而不是大學。現在一切都圍繞著一個全新的專業：一個由國家課程通過測試和目標塑造的專業。
答案及解析
61.A【精析】細節題。題目問的是“教師工會抓住了媒體關注的原因。”文中第一段的最後一句有“…the annual outpouring from theteaching unions’conferences，whose massed pedagogues can alwaysbe relied on to provide a few news stories to delight the headlinewriters.”，故選A。
62.C【精析】細節題。題目問的是“下面哪個論述是對的?”。文中第三段的第三句有，“But such stories resonate because they fit thewidespread stereotype of teachers as sandal—wearing，Guardian—read—ing lefties.”，教師給人穿著涼鞋.讀著《衛報》，代表著左翼分子的刻板印象，也就是傳統守舊的印象，故選C。
63.B【精析】推理題：題目問的是“從第四段可以推斷出什麼?”。從文中第四段的最後一句“In 2008，the Times Education Supplementfound overwhelming disapproval among teachers of Labour’s schoolpolicies and a shift in voting intentions.”可知，工黨出臺的學校政策對教師是無利的，故選B。
64.C【精析】推理題。題目問的是…stalTy—eyed’是什麼意思?”。後文中第五段的第三句有“And even the dogged idealists privately ad—mit that traditional fight—wing policies，such as physical punishmentand academic selection，would make their jobs easier.’’“and even’’說明前後說的是一樣的事，後面是理想主義者提出的觀點，所以之前的是說教師把人的天性看的太理想化，故選C。
65.D【精析】推理題。題目問的是“從最後一段可以總結出什麼?”。從最後一段最後兩句“The academics are still pretty left—leaning，but nearly a quarter of new teachers now train in schools rather thanuniversities，up from a handful ten years are coming to gipswith a very different profession：one shaped by a national curriculumwith tests and targets.”可知，培訓教師是在十年前就有所提高，而不是在過去的十年裡提高的，故排除A項。“The academics arestill pretty left—leaning，”，教師在學術上左傾，並不是在政治上左傾，故排除B項。由最後一段第三句“While teachers were votingtory in l979，education academics were intoxicated with child--cen—tred education and discovery learning，and were turning out newteachers in that mould.”看出以孩子為中心的教學方式不會過時，故排除C項。綜合第四段，學術訓練的影響逐漸在減弱，故選D。
