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Culture Shock
Section A
When greeting someone, an American’s first response1 is to hold out his or her hand, look directly at the person and smile. In some situations, this behavior may bring misunderstandings. Usually a handshake is not the universally2 accepted greeting. Also, looking others right in the eye might not mean the same thing in other parts of the world.
When greeting Asians for the first time, do not shake hands. Physical contact may be embarrassing. Many Asians, particularly Japanese, have learned to accept handshakes when dealing with Westerners. For Japanese, a slight bow of the head is usually suitable for responding to a handshake.
People in the Middle East, particularly Muslims3, avoid body contact with the opposite sex, but persons of the same sex commonly hug when greeting each other. When shaking hands, men should be careful not to pull their hand away too quickly. Also, people from France, Spain, Italy and Portugal greet friends by kissing each other on both cheeks.
Smiling is the universal gesture of friendliness. In America, smiling is a happy or friendly thing to do. In some Latin cultures, for example, smile may be used to mean "Excuse me"or "Please".
In many cultures, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect, but such behavior can also lead to misunderstandings. For example, some Asian students have been regarded as lacking respect for their American teachers because they do not look at the teacher while he or she is speaking.
Notes:
1. response n. 反應
2. universally adv.一致地; 共同地
3. Muslim n. 伊斯蘭教信徒
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. When two Middle Eastern men meet, they might greet each other by ______.
A. shaking each other
B. hugging each other
C. kissing each other on both cheeks
D. lowering their heads slightly
2. In America, smiling is used to say "______".
A. Sorry B. Excuse me C. Please D. I’m glad
3. If you avoid eye contact in America, you may be considered ______.
A. cold B. foolish
C. impolite D. shy
4. People in which of the following countries do NOT greet each other by kissing each other on both cheeks?
A. France. B. Italy. C. Spain. D. Germany.
Section B
In most Western restaurants and homes, people have different manners when it comes to talking, eating and sitting.
Usually dinner is enjoyed with quiet voices, and people are not allowed to bring up anything unpleasant. For example, if someone wants to leave the table to the toilet, he or she has to do so without mentioning what he or she is going to do.
Meals are always eaten quietly. No eating noises are allowed and therefore people chew with their mouths closed. While drinking soup, coffee or wine, slurping* is also highly impolite.
How to sit at the table also has rules. Everyone should sit up straight with one hand (usually the left) on his or her lap holding a napkin while the other hand (usually the right) holds the fork or spoon. Only when using a knife to cut something should one have both hands on the table, but as soon as the cutting is done, the hand should go back to the lap. Also, elbows are not allowed on the table. People should never reach across the table for any reason. Instead they should ask someone sitting near to pass what they want to them. For example, "Would you please pass the potatoes?"
As soon as you are seated, remove the napkin from your place setting, unfold it, and put it on your lap. At formal occasions, all diners can not place their napkins on their laps until the host or hostess places his or her napkin on his or her lap. If your napkin falls on the floor during a very formal event, do not pick it up. You’d better signal a waiter and ask for a new one.
Note:*slurp v. (喝東西時)發出嘖嘖的聲音
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. Which of the following is considered to be bad table manners?
A. Drinking soup noiselessly. B. Eating quietly.
C. Eating with your mouth closed. D. Asking the host directly where the toilet is.
2. Mary has both of her hands on the table. She is probably using _______.
A. a fork B. a spoon C. a knife and fork D. chopsticks考試用書
3. When you sit at the table to use dinner, which of the following is allowed?
A. Put your elbows on the table.
B. Reach across the table to get whatever you want.
C. Place napkins on laps before the host or hostess does.
D. Signal a waiter to ask for a new napkin if yours falls on the floor.
4. According to the passage, we are told how to _______.
A. use a toilet B. serve others at the table
C. use a napkin D. refuse a dinner party invitation
新閱題讀型
Seven-year-old American Cooper is learning Spanish as a second language. "I don’t need to speak Spanish, but I will probably need it in the future,"he said. "I want to open a pet shop because I like dogs. If there are any Spanish-speaking people in the store, I’ll probably deal with them."
Many people in the United States didn’t consider speaking foreign languages an important ability before. Unlike many Europeans and Asians who learn languages in primary school, most Americans do not get the chance until they enter high school. However, due to globalization*, more Americans are demanding language education earlier, so American students are starting to learn foreign languages in kindergarten.
Since September 2006, all pupils in Loudon County have started Spanish education for 30 to 60 minutes each week. Last year, officials in Fairfax County decided to extend foreign languages study to 137 primary schools. Twenty-five Fairfax schools provide 30-minute lessons twice a week in Spanish, Japanese, Arabic, Chinese or French, which is starting in the first grade.
Furthermore, in the school district of Westchester County, Latin-Americans make up half of the 2,600 students attending schools there. The wide study of Spanish is also a way to blend together a community made up of people from different races and languages. Parents from different cultures are more willing to mix with each other in such a community.
Note:*globalization n. 全球化
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1. Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word "blend"._______________________________
2. Why are many Americans insisting foreign languages be taught from kindergarten? (回答詞數不超過10個)_______________________________
3. What is the main aim of learning Spanish according to the passage?(回答詞數不超過15個) _______________________________
參考答案：
SectionA 1-4 BDCD
SectionB1-4 DCDC
閱讀新題型
1. Mix.
2. To meet the demands of globalization.
3. To blend with others from different races and languages.
