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GMAT考試邏輯真題解析2017

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GMAT考試邏輯真題解析2017

Debater: The average amount of overtime per month worked by an employee in the manufacturing division of the Haglut Corporation is 14 hours. Most employees of the Haglut Corporation work in the manufacturing division. Furthermore, the average amount of overtime per month worked by any employee in the company generally does not fluctuate much from month to month. Therefore, each month, most employees of the Haglut Corporation almost certainly work at least some overtime.

The debater’s argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which of these grounds?

(A) It takes for granted that the manufacturing division is a typical division of the corporation with regard to the average amount of overtime its employees work each month.

(B) It takes for granted that if a certain average amount of overtime is worked each month by each employee of the Haglut Corporation, then approximately the same amount of overtime must be worked each month by each employee of the manufacturing division.

(C) It confuses a claim from which the argument’s conclusion about the Haglut Corporation would necessarily follow with a claim that would follow from the argument’s conclusion only with a high degree of probability.

(D) It overlooks the possibility that even if, on average, a certain amount of overtime is worked by the members of some group, many members of that group may work no overtime at all.

(E) It overlooks the possibility that even if most employees of the corporation work some overtime each month, any one corporate employee may, in some months, work no overtime.

題目型別:

flaw

題目翻譯:

辯論家:H公司製造部的某名員工每月加班的平均時間是14小時。絕大部分H公司的人員都在製造部工作。除此之外,每位員工每月的加班時間比較固定。因此,H公司的員工每個月至少要加一段時間班。

解題思路:

無既定思路,逐項分析。

逐項分析:

A、題幹並沒有說“the manufacturing division is a typical division of the corporation with regard to the average amount of overtime”。

B、題幹並沒有說“the manufacturing division is a typical division of the corporation with regard to the average amount of overtime”。

C、模稜兩可項。未指明哪一個claim。

D、正確選項。某名員工的加班時間並不能代表該部門的.平均加班時間。

E、題乾沒有忽略這種可能性。

正確選項:

D

  【拓展閱讀】GMAT邏輯題技巧

  什麼是邏輯鏈解題法?

在時間緊張的情況下,我們解題可能會考慮使用各種排除手法,或者有關無關,或者取非驗證等。但是,使用這些“技術手段”選出來的答案,我們也很難保證正確性。所以,如果時間足夠,還是建議大家用正常的思維解題。通過分析題目的邏輯鏈來找到破題點。

  如何用好邏輯鏈解題法?

GMAT邏輯題會有不同的表述方式,怎麼用邏輯鏈來推導呢?舉一些例子,目的措施型的題目,措施<—>目的;因果關係型,不管有沒有倒置,總是由因到果;現象結果性,現象<—>結論;觀點對立型,這類題型本身就有鮮明的觀點衝突,找到衝突點不就是推理的關鍵麼?只不過,GMAT邏輯題目不光在考思維推理能力,邏輯題的很多條件不是順序出現的,還有補充的背景知識,這些因素造成了推理的困難。但是邏輯出題有一定特點:要麼就是加一些無關條件,要麼就是如同拼圖一樣打亂順序,掌握了基本的分析步驟,就可以快速剔除無用資訊,理順邏輯鏈。

  邏輯鏈解題的具體步驟

雖然並不是每道GMAT邏輯題都會有一個鮮明的邏輯鏈,但是推導過程中,往往可以找到關鍵的考點,下面就講一下大體的思路。

首先看問題,看看問題的題型,看看問題中有沒有關鍵性的詞,然後就開始看題幹。

GMAT會考的是推理性的邏輯思維,推理無非就是正向思考和反向思考。在讀題乾的時候,其實就是一個正向的思維過程,考生不僅要理解題目所說的意思,同時也在緊張地進行正向的思維,把“邏輯鏈”推理一遍,在看完題幹之後,由於有很多指示詞的引導(比如because,thus,therefore,however等等),大體上大家的腦海中或者草稿紙上已經畫出了一條簡明的推理的邏輯鏈,用箭頭表示出來。

題幹看完了,正向思維完了,邏輯鏈推匯出來了,很多題目可以著手做了,但是還有一部分題目仍然無從下手。這時候就要用到逆向思維了,把已經推匯出來的邏輯鏈,逆向分析,漏洞會在逆推中放大。