Section IV English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 1) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 2) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.
3) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 4) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 5) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.
答案解析
Section IV: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
1. 在現代條件下，這需要程度不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經濟學和運籌學等領域專家的協助。
2. 再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經濟實力與其工農業生產效率密切相關，而效率的提高則又有賴於各種科技人員的努力。
3. 大眾通訊的.顯著發展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習俗和思想，由於上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
4. 在先期實現工業化的歐洲國家中，其工業化程序以及隨之而來的各種深刻的社會結構變革，持續了大約一個世紀之久，而如今一個發展中國家在十年左右就可能完成這個過程。
5. 由於人口的猛增或大量人口流動(現代交通工具使這種流動相對容易)造成的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。
