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大學聯考英語備考 大學聯考英語非謂語動49題整理

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大學聯考英語備考 大學聯考英語非謂語動詞49題(三)

大學聯考英語備考 大學聯考英語非謂語動49題整理

大學聯考臨近,以下是有關大學聯考英語非謂語動詞的一些重要歸納,希望對大家有所幫助!

31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.

A. to explain B. explaining

C. to be explaining D. having explained

32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.

A. to open B. to have opened

C. for opening D. in opening

33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.

A. watering B. to be watering

C. to water D. being watering

34. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.

A. posting B. to post

C. to be posting D. have posted

35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.

A. to tell B. telling

C. to have told D. having told

36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.

A. turning, going B. to turn, to go

C. turning, to go D. to turn, going

37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B. To give

C. Giving D. Given

38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded B. It was founded

C. Founded D. Founding

39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.

A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain

C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars

40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung B. hanging

C. hangs D. being hung

41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A. settled B. setting

C. to settle D. being settled

42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.

A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen

43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”

A. be weighed B. to be weighed

C. to weigh D. weighed

45. What have we said _______ her so happy?

A. makes B. to make

C. made D. has made

46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed

C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed

47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”

A. that marked B. was marked with

C. which marked D. marked with

the car won’t start, _____ it.

A. try push B. try pushing

C. to try pushing D. to try to push

49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.

A. and saw B. to see

C. seeing D. for seeing

大學聯考狀元經驗談:高一英語的學習方法

編者按:小編為大家收集釋出了高中英語學習方法:大學聯考狀元經驗談:高一英語的學習方法,希望對大家有所幫助。

大學聯考狀元經驗談:高一英語的學習方法

英語學習應從聽、說、讀、寫四個方面入手。

1、 聽什麼

聽錄音。要想提高英語聽力,僅靠課堂上的錄音是遠遠不夠的,課下也要大量聽錄音。錄音不應該選擇過於難的,最好是和英語教科書配套的錄音資料。要選擇原聲材料,這樣可以糾正發音。

聽英代節目。電視有英語新聞,收音機有英代講座,這都是相當好的聽力材料,而且它們的發音都比較純正,比如英國的 BBC 英代廣播等,經常聽這些英語節目,對學習英語是大有裨益的。剛開始可能聽不懂,但不要著急,只要堅持不懈,就會逐漸聽懂的。

另外,如果條件允許,還可以多和外國人進行交談,這樣對提高聽力的幫助更大。

2、 怎樣說

語言的最重要的作用之一就是交流,說是交流最常用的方式。要學好英語,一定要多說多練,要敢於用英語同別人進行交流。交流時,注意美式英語和英式英語的區別,注意語勢、詞調等,還要特別注意自己的發音。

英語課上要儘量說英語,少說漢語。

日常生活中也要多說。為什麼我們的漢語說得這麼流暢哪?因為我們天天在說,時時在用,學習英語也一樣,一定要多說、勤說、抓住一切機會說。

3、讀什麼

讀是英語四大基本技能之一,被很多專家和有經驗的英代學者視為最有效的學習方法。

多讀單詞、短語、句型,多讀課代。在多讀的基礎上背誦課代是比較好的。書讀百遍,其義自見,講的就是這個道理。

多讀是英語學習比較有效的方法,它可以使你熟悉單詞、短語、句型、增加詞彙,能夠提高判斷能力、聽說能力和閱讀速度,同時能夠加強口語,培養語感。

4、怎樣寫

抄寫課代是比較好的英語學習方法。抄的時候,眼、耳、口、手、腦全要工作,眼睛看著,耳朵聽著,口裡念著,手下寫著,腦袋裡思考著。同時用英代寫日記、記隨感,也能提高我們的英語水平。

英語學習要將聽、說、讀、寫四種能力綜合起來,才更見效。

淺談英語自主學習能力的培養

摘要:終身學習是社會每個成員為適應社會發展和實現個體發展的需要,為此,每個社會成員都應學會並掌握自主學習、自我教育的能力。新課程改革也強調學生學習方式的轉變,倡導構建以學生為主體的自主學習模式。因此,培養學生學習的自主性、培養學生自主學習的能力,是我們當前應積極探究的一個重要課題。本文結合作者的英語教學實踐,認為學生的學習興趣、學習信心、學習方法、學習習慣,是培養、構建學生的自主學習能力的重要因素,並就此作一些初步的探索。

關鍵詞:英語自主學習興趣信心方法習慣

21世紀科技不斷髮展,新知識、新技術不斷湧現,學會學習、終身學習成為人們生存和發展的需要。因此,我們基礎教育階段的學校教育重點在於培養學生自主學習、自我教育的能力,使之學會學習。

新課程改革也強調學生學習方式的轉變,倡導構建以教師為主導、學生為主體的“自主學習”模式,在《基礎教育課程改革綱要》中提出了“……教學過程中應……注重培養學生的獨立性和自主性……促進學生在教師指導下主動地、富有個性地學習”,英語新課程標準也明確規定,基礎教育階段英語課程的任務是“激發和培養學生學習英語的興趣,使學生樹立自信心,養成良好的學習習慣和形成有效的學習策略,發展自主學習的能力和合作精神……為他們終身學習和發展打下良好的基礎”。

作為世界通用語言,英語在我國有成千上萬的人在學習,然而因為缺乏良好的交際使用環境,難以“習得”,主要還是通過“學習”這一方式。因此英語的教與學相當關鍵,特別是學習者的自主學習能力,對英語的學習效果至關重要——正如著名外語教學專家M .韋斯特所說:“外語是學會的,不是教會的”。

綜上所述,英語教學過程中,重點不在於我們教會了學生多少單詞或幾個語言點,而在於如何培養學生的自主學習能力。當然,自主學習能力的養成,不是一朝一夕的事情,需要不斷地進行科學的“教育干預”,更需要符合學習者自身的學習策略的指導。結合英語教學實踐,我認為激發興趣、樹立信心、傳授方法、培養習慣是促成學生自主學習能力發展的有效手段。

一、學習興趣的激發

興趣是一種帶有情緒色彩的認識傾向,是推動人去認識事物、探索真理的一種重要動機。當學生對某一學科產生學習興趣時,他就會產生力求掌握知識的理智感,使大腦感官處於最活躍狀態 高三,引起學習中的高度注意,使思維更加活躍、想象更加豐富、記憶更加牢固,能抑制疲勞,產生愉快情緒,能夠最佳地接受教學資訊。因此,新課程十分關注學生的情緒生活和情感體驗,課程標準更把激發學生學習興趣,使學生嚐到學習的樂趣作為重要的目標提了出來。

那麼,在教學過程中如何激發學生的學習興趣、使學生感興趣地進行自主學習呢?我認為,有趣的學習內容、快樂的學習過程是激發學生學習興趣的重要因素——有樂趣,才會有興趣,正如英語的一句諺語"Education must be fun"。因此,新課程在教材內容上儘量遴選學生喜聞樂見的事件,同時注意教材的開放性和彈性,在合理安排基本課程內容的基礎上,給地方、學校、老師留有選擇、開發的空間和餘地,允許教師根據需要自由刪減、補充、替換教材教學內容。此外,教學過程中,教師也應注意採取靈活多樣、生動有趣的教學方法、手段,講講笑話、做做遊戲、排演小品、觀摩影視作品等。例如,在給學生講英語的同音詞two/too/to的時候,我給學生講了這麼一個故事:

話說有個英語初學者,剛剛學完one two three four five。一天上街坐公交車,不小心踩了一老外的腳,於是趕緊說了一句:"I am sorry"。老外心想公交這麼擠,踩踏難免的,禮節性地回了一句:"I am sorry too"。這人一聽"sorry two"?,嘿,跟我較勁比客氣?於是衝口就來:"I am sorry three!"老外一愣,懵了:"What are you sorry for?"這人一聽"sorry four",心想,four都出來了,咱中國禮儀之邦,可不能輸給他,於是趕緊更誠懇地說:"ok,I am sorry Five!!! "

通過這個笑話,學生在歡笑之餘也知道了two/too,four/for這兩組同音詞,課堂氛圍隨之活躍,學習興趣也被調動起來。

二、學習信心的樹立

自信亦稱自信心,是一個人相信自己的能力的心理狀態,是對自己實力的正確估計和積極肯定,是心理健康的一種表現,是學習、事業成功的有利心理條件。

做任何事情,僅僅有興趣是遠遠不夠的,如果缺乏信心,那麼,這樣的興趣是不能持久的,學習更是如此。很多人可能都有這樣的學習體驗:對於一門學科,在我們剛剛接觸並學習它的時候並不會討厭它,對某個學科的厭煩甚至牴觸的心理是在學習的過程中逐漸產生並惡化的。教學內容枯燥乏味,課堂教學單調沉悶是造成這一問題的原因之一。而另一個主要的原因在於學生感到學習負擔過重,對學習失去了信心。

因此,我們應注意培養學生學習的自信心。當學生對學習充滿自信,學習對其而言,將不再是種負擔,學習也才能更積極、更主動。

那麼,如何培養、增強學生的學習自信呢?在英語教學過程中,我認為應注意以下兩點:

1. 包容錯誤,不過度糾偏

鼓勵是幫助初學者克服學習英語困難的良好方法,在學生學習語言過程中,出現語法錯誤是難免的,對此老師要給予包容,不要輕易責備學習有困難的學生,不要生硬地糾正學生的錯誤,就像我們每個人牙牙學語時父母對我們的鼓勵讓我們最終學會說話,老師的包容能夠讓學生有更好的勇氣和信心學好英語。因此,在情景對話或者書面表達中,當學生出現"I go to school yestoday"、"He did not asks me"這樣的表達錯誤時,我沒有當場生硬地打斷或特別揪出來做更正,只是稍加提示;因為對於這類錯誤,學生能明白也能糾正,只是沒有養成正確的使用習慣而已。當然,發現學生始終出現這種錯誤時,則應結合具體語境讓學生有更多的機會去操練,直到他們在使用的過程中形成正確的語言習慣。

2. 重視學生已有的知識經驗

蘇霍姆林斯基的最近發展區理論告訴我們,教學過程中要注意學生學習上的最近發展區,形象地說就是要讓學生"跳一跳,夠得著",這也正是新課程改革所強調的,教學要重視學生已有的知識經驗,並在此基礎上實現學生知識的"正遷移",促成學生掌握新的知識。

因此,在英語教學過程中,我反覆教育學生,要學會用學習語文的成功經驗來學習英語,畢竟語言有很多地方是共通的。例如,在教學國際音標時,我就引導學生將其與國小學過的漢語拼音對照著學習,先回顧朗讀拼音字母,讓學生掌握每個拼音字母的發音,並參照著學習掌握英語音標的發音(如下圖)。

漢語拼音 (英語)國際音標 例詞

【韻母】 【母音】

a?

aˇ--------------------------/a:/------------- dark

a?--------------------------/∧/------------- duck

【聲母】 【子音】

b /b/ --------------- big back

p ----音標發音近似拼音發音去/u?/音---- /p/ ---------------- pig pack

m /m/

再比如音標的拼讀,也引導學生借鑑漢語拼音的拼讀方法,如借鑑漢語"嘿hei"、"嗨hai"學會英語單詞"hey /hei/"、"Hi /hai/"的拼讀。同時,為了讓學生感受到英語音標發音與漢語拼音拼讀的共同點,我給學生講了下面的這個笑話:

話說有兩個乞丐沿街乞討,一個是四肢健全的瞎子,一個是腿腳殘疾的明眼人,兩人都深感殘疾給他們乞討帶來的不便。為此兩人決定進行合作,由瞎子揹著腿腳殘疾的那個,腿腳殘疾的那個給瞎子乞丐指路,兩人四處遊走乞討,兩個人的乞討收入比以前好多了。一天兩人正沿街乞討,收穫頗豐,走著走著,忽然聽到背上的那個乞丐急促的唱到”gou gou gou”,揹人的那個瞎子乞丐心想,夥伴今天心情不錯嘛,還唱起歌”go go go”來了,於是他馬上接唱道:“Go, go, go,Ale, ale, ale”。背上的那個乞丐更急了,“gou gou gou”,揹人的那個瞎子乞丐繼續接唱“GoGoGoGo,Here we go!” 結果,兩人撲通一聲一起掉溝【gou】裡去了。這就是英語單詞Go /g?u/與漢字‘溝’(gou)同音帶來的誤會。

三、(老師)學習方法的指導

中國有句古話叫“授之以魚不如授之以漁”,說的是傳授給人既有的知識,不如傳授給人學習知識的方法。我們要引導學生進行自主學習,培養其自主學習、終身學習的能力,平時在教學過程中就要加強對其進行方法指導。當他們掌握了方法、掌握自主學習應具備的基本功,他們才能夠真正有效地進行自主學習。

例如,很多學生背記單詞都是採用字母拼讀法,比如,背記book這個單詞,他們往往是"b-o-o-k,book"這樣記,當單詞數量放大之後,這種記憶方法的弊端馬上顯現出來,很容易出現增減字母或者字母次序混淆的現象,而英語單詞,細微的'字母差別,可能單詞天差地別。比如,"god"和"dog",如果字母拼讀法,單詞量一多,學生很可能都分不清到底哪個單詞是"上帝"哪個是"狗"。因此,我反覆和學生講,背記單詞要採用發音拼讀法,即根據發音規律去掌握單詞的拼寫。此外,我還告訴學生,英語單詞的學習要注意融入語境,因為英語有很多約定俗成的表達,剝離了具體得語言環境,很容易出現謬誤。比如,你不能把"How are you"、"How old are you?"當中的單詞一個一個剝離開來,自己逐個查單詞,翻譯成"怎麼是你?"、"怎麼老是你?",看似很通,其實謬矣。再比如,rain cats and dogs 的含意為"下傾盆大雨" 而不是什麼"下雨貓和狗"。

讓學生做情景對話時,有的學生擔心自己發音不準、表達不流暢而推說“我不會”,我就和他們講:“你不會,所以才要學、要練,你說得不夠好,是因為你還練得不夠,像"how are you " 、"how do you do" 、 "sorry, I don’t know" 你們就可以說得很好,而你們的父母可能一句都說不出來,因為這些你們覺得簡單的句子你們已經操練過多變遍。我們中國自古有云"書讀百遍,其義自見",這道出了語言學習的真諦,那就是多練習朗讀,用不了100遍,你就會有語感了,自然而然你就掌握了相關的表達方法。如鸚鵡學舌,模仿重複、多講多練,就是學習英語的不二法寶,鸚鵡能夠都學會說人話,難道我們還比不上一隻鳥,學不好英語?”。

四、(學生)學習習慣的養成

在自主學習模式下,學生是自我指導、自我調節、自我激勵的學習者,因此,良好的學習習慣對促進學生自主學習至關重要。學生由於其年齡身心發展特點,其習慣的養成,需要教師不懈地指導、監督,促使學生自我對照檢查、強化。以下幾個方面的習慣是英語學習過程中要努力養成的:

⑴課前預習的習慣。

預習是培養學生自主學習能力的最有效的手段。預習可以培養學生的觀察能力、思維能力、想象能力和發現問題、分析問題、解決問題的能力。

⑵及時複習的習慣。

課後複習是進一步消化理解,鞏固記憶,把所學內容進行條理化、系統化的過程,也是與遺忘作鬥爭的過程,是搞好學習的一個重要環節。

⑶獨立作業的習慣。

獨立完成作業是學生經過自己獨立思考,自覺靈活地分析問題和解決問題,進一步加深和鞏固對新知識的理解和對新技能的掌握的過程。

⑷課外自學的習慣。

課外自學是一種內容可以自由選擇、方式靈活多樣的學習方式,是對學生課內學習的補充和延續。特別是英語這種課程,課堂上的知識容量、練習機會畢竟有限,更需要從課後自己通過電視、廣播、網路等媒體創設相關的語言環境和實踐練習機會。

⑸英語思維的習慣

英語學習最最重要的是英語思維習慣的培養。學生在學習英語過程中最大的障礙不是詞彙,不是語法,不是句型結構,而是英語的思維習慣。如果我們在學習英語過程中無法領會英語思維的話,而用我們的中國人思維去遣詞造句,必然只能說出來讓老外摸不著頭腦,只有中國人能聽得懂的Chinglish。

比如,"我和湯姆將去看電影"我們不能直譯成" I and Tom will go to see a film. "

再比如,面對別人的表揚和讚美,我們不能按照中國的思維習慣,表達謙虛,直譯成"where,where(哪裡,哪裡) "或"No,No(不,不) ",而應遵循英語思維的表達習慣,迴應一句"Thank you"。

結語

蘇霍姆林斯基說過:“只有能夠激發學生去進行自我教育的教育,才是真正的教育”。我們教育學生最終就是要培養學生自我教育、自我發展的能力。因此,世紀之初,面對新課程改革的要求,我們應充分發揮教師的主導作用,在教學過程中利用多種策略去激發學生的學習興趣、信心,指導他們養成良好的學習習慣,培養、發展他們的自主學習能力,從而讓每一個人都能夠適性發展,更好地適應社會、時代發展的要求。

參考文獻

①朱慕菊.走進新課程—與課程實施者對話[M].北京:北京師範大學出版社,2002

②教育部基礎教育司. 基礎教育課程改革綱要(試行)[M].北京:北京師範大學出版社,2001

③教育部基礎教育司.全日制義務教育普通高階中學英語課程標準[S]. 北京:北京師範大學出版社,2001

④龐維國.論學生的自主學習[M].北京:教育科學出版社,2001

英語大學聯考寫作備考 “三十六計”的英文表達

大學聯考臨近,以下是“三十六計”的英文表達,希望對大家有所幫助!

瞞天過海crossing the sea under camouflage

圍魏救趙relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei

借刀殺人killing someone with a borrowed knife

以逸待勞waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy

趁火打劫plundering a burning house

聲東擊西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west

無中生有creating something out of nothing

暗渡陳倉advancing secretly by an unknown path

隔岸觀火watching a fire from the other side of the river

笑裡藏刀covering the dagger with a smile

李代桃僵palming off substitute for the real thing

順手牽羊picking up something in passing

打草驚蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake

借屍還魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse

調虎離山luring the tiger out of his den

欲擒故縱letting the enemy off in order to catch him

拋磚引玉giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things

擒賊擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers

釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron

混水摸魚muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters

金蟬脫殼slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin

關門捉賊catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route

遠交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy

假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor

偷樑換柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers

指桑罵槐reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry

假痴不癲feigning madness without becoming insane

上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof

樹上開花putting artificial flowers on trees

反客為主turning from the guest into the host

美人計using seductive women to corrupt the enemy

空城計presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness

反間計sowing discord among the enemy

苦肉計deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man

連環計coordinating one stratagem with another

走為上decamping being the best; running away as the best choice

高中英語學習方法:高中英語經典句型

【摘要】鑑於大家對高中頻道十分關注,小編在此為大家蒐集整理了此文“高中英語學習方法:高中英語經典句型”,供大家參考!

高中英語學習方法:高中英語經典句型

大學聯考英語經典句型幫你闖過寫作和語法關

1、as 句型:

(1) as引導方式狀語從句句型:“按照……;正如……”

例:We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us.

As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south. 正如(像) 你們國家一樣,我們北方種植小麥,南方種植水稻。

(2) as+形容詞/副詞原級+(a /an)+名詞+as ;

否定式:not as/so --- as

例:He is as good a player as his sister.

他和他姐姐一樣是位優秀的運動員。

(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致於……

例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said.

她是一個如此的一個笨蛋以致相信了他所說的話。

(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致於……

例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

他是如此的強壯以致於能提起那重箱子。

(5) such --- as--- 象……之類的…… (接名詞或定語從句)

例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

他希望成為一個像雷鋒這樣的人。

(6) the same +名詞+as 和……一樣的…… (接名詞或定語從句)

例:He is not the same man as he used to be 他不是從前的那樣子了。

(7) as 引導非限制性定語從句

例:As is known to us, knowledge is power.眾所周知,知識就是力量。

(8)引導時間狀語從句。與while意義相近

例:We get wiser as we get older. 隨著我們長大,我們也變得越來越聰明。

(9) 引導原因狀語從句,與because的用法相近

例:As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.

因為越來越遲了,所以我們不久就回來了。

(10) 引導讓步狀語從句

例:Child as he is, he knows much about science.

儘管他是一個小孩,但他對科學瞭解得很多。

2、prefer 句型:

(1) prefer to do sth

例:I prefer to stay at home. 我寧願呆在家裡。

(2) prefer doing sth

例:I prefer playing in defence. 我喜歡打防守。

(3) prefer sb to do sth

例:Would you prefer me to stay? 你願意我留下來嗎?

(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……寧願…...而不願.…".

例句:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out

我寧願呆在家裡而不願出去.

(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth

例:I prefer watching football to playing it.

我喜歡看籃球,不喜歡打籃球。

(6) prefer sth to sth

例:I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。

3、when 句型:

(1) be doing sth ---- when ---

例:He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑著的時候門突然開了,他妻子走了進來。

(2) be about to do sth --- when ---

例:We were about to start when it began to rain.

我們剛要出發,天就開始下雨了。

(3) had not done sth --- when ---/ hardly --- when ---

例: He had not fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

他剛要入睡電話就響了。

(4) had just done ---- when ---

例:I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.

在勞累了一天之後我剛剛就寢,電話鈴就響了。

4、seem 句型:

(1) It +seems + that從句

例:It seemed that everyone was satisfied. 看來好像每個人都很滿意。

(2) It seems to sb that ---

例:It seems to me that she is right. 我看她是對的,

(3) There seems to be ----

例:There seems to be a heavy rain. 看上去要有一場大雨。

(4) It seems as if ----

例:It seemed that she couldn't come to class.看樣子她不能來上課了。

5、表示“相差……;增加了……;增加到……”句型:

(1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸

(2) There is one year between us. 我們之間相差一歲。

(3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三歲。

(4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他們把價格上漲了50%

6、what 引導的名詞性從句

(1) what 引導主語從句

例:What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.

讓我吃驚的是每個人似乎對她都很冷淡.

[ indifferent adj.不關心的;冷漠的]

(2) what 引導賓語從句

例:We can learn what we do not know. 我們能學會我們不懂的東西。

(3) what 引導表語從句

例:That is what I want. 那正是我所要的。

(4) what 引導同位語從句

例:I have no idea what they are talking about. 我不知道他們正在談論什麼.

7、too句型:

(1) do sth.

例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.

(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)

政治太重要了,不能由政治家來決定。

(2) only too --- to do sth

例:I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家裡就非常高興。

(3) too + adj + for sth

例:These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿這雙鞋太小了。

(4) too + adj + a + n.

例:This is too difficult a text for me. 這篇課文對我來說太難了。

(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過

例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我們再怎麼強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。

8、where 句型:

(1) where 引導的定語從句

例:This is the house where he lived last year. 這就是他去年住過的房子。

(2) where 引導的狀語從句

例:Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

He left his key where he could find.他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。

I will go where I want to go.我要去我想去的地方。

(3) where 引導的表語從句

例:This is where you are wrong. 這正是你錯的地方。

注:引導狀語從句的where= 介詞+the place where (定語從句)

例:Go where(ver) you are most needed.到最需要你的地方去。

9、wish 句型

(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人現在做某事

例:I wish I were as strong as you. 我希望和你一樣強壯。

(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人過去做某事

例: I wish you had told me earlier 要是你早點告訴我就好了。

(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人將來做某事

例:I wish you would succeed this time. 我希望你這次會成功。

10、would rather 句型:

(1) would rather do sth than do sth 寧願做……而不願做……

例:She would rather die than turn against his motherland.

她寧可死也不去背叛祖國。

(2) would rather have done sth 寧願過去做過某事

例:I would rather have taken his advice. 我寧願過去接受他的意見。

(3) would rather sb had done sth 寧願某人過去做過某事

例:I would rather I had passed the examination last week.

我真希望通過上星期的考試

(4) would rather sb did sth 寧願某人現在或將來做某事

例: Who would you rather went with you? 你寧願誰和你一起去?

11、before 句型:

(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……

例:Before I could get in a word ,he had measured me.

我還沒來得及插話,他就給我量好了尺寸

(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……

例:It will be 4 years before he graduates. 他還有四年時間變畢業了。

(3) had done some time before (才……)

例:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。

(4) had not done --- before --- 不到……就……

例:We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。

(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……

例:It wasn’t two years before he left the country.

還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。

12、強調句型:

(1) It is /was +被強調部分+that(who)...

例:It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.

是我昨天給我叔叔寫信的。

(2) Is/was it + 被強調部分 + that (who) ...

例:Was it your brother that you met in the street?

在街上你遇見的是你兄弟嗎?

(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that ...

例:How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?

明天你究竟怎樣去看望她?

(4) do +謂語動詞 (強調謂語)

例:They do know the place well. 他們的確很熟悉那個地方。

13、用於表示過去未實現的希望和計劃的句型:

(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.

例:You should like to have written to your mother.

你本應當給你母親寫信。

(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態表示原打算做什麼)

例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.

Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。

(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原來的計劃和安排

例:Lily was going to have cleaned her bedroom, but she had no time.

Lily 原打算清理她的臥室,但她沒時間。

(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think,

want, wish ...

常用過去完成時態,在這些詞後接賓語從句或者接不定式的一般形式;

或者用一般過去時態後面接不定式的完成形式表示過去未曾實現的願望

例:She had supposed him to be very rich. 她原以為他很有錢。

(5) wish that …had done sth.表示過去未曾實現的願望.

例:I wish he had been here yesterday. 要是他昨天在這兒就好了。

(6) 情態動詞should ,would, could, might, ought to等後接不定式的完成時,

表示過去本該做,打算做,想做而未做的事情.

should have done =ought to have done 本應該做而沒做

would have done = 本來就會去做某事而沒做

could have done = 本可以做某事而沒做

might have done 本可以做而沒做

例:They ought to have apologized. 他們本該道歉的。

14、倍數句型:

(1)倍數+比較級+than...,

例:The room is twice larger than that one.這個房間是那個房間的兩倍大。

There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.

(2)倍數+as+原級+as...,

例:The room is three times as large as that one.

這個房間是那個房間的三倍。

(3)倍數+the size /height/length /weight /width of...

例:The room is three times the size of that one.

這個房間是那個房間的3倍大。

15、 It is ------ that ---- 句型

(1) It is + 名詞 + 從句

It is a fact/an honour --- that +陳述語氣從句

例:It is a fact that the earth moves around the sun.

地球圍繞太陽轉是事實。

It is a pity/shame/no wonder that + 虛擬語氣從句

例:It is a pity that he should not come. 他若不來可真是遺憾。

(2) It is + 形容詞 + 從句

It is natural/important/necessary/strange that + 虛擬語氣從句

例:It is important that enough money be collected to fund the project.

重要的是募集足夠的錢,為這個專案提供資金。

It is obvious/apparent/clear that + 陳述語氣從句

例:It is clear that she doesn't like the dress at all.

這很清楚她一點兒也不喜歡這條裙子。

(3) It + 過去分詞 + 從句

It is generally/commonly believed /accepted/thought/held that ...

+陳述語氣從句

例:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。

It is suggested/ordered/desired/requested/decided that +虛擬語氣從句

例句:It is suggested that we should hold a meeting next week.

建議我們下週開上會。

16、It + 不及物動詞 + 從句

(1) It seems that

例:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.

看來Alice根本就不準備來參加聚會了。

(2) It happened that...……很偶然.

例:It happened that I won the football lottery last week.

我上星期偶然中了足彩

(3) It occurred to sb that...

例句:It suddenly occurred to me that I knew how to solve that problem.

我突然想起我知道怎樣解決那個問題.

(4) It appears that....

例: It appears that Tom might change his mind. 看來湯姆會改變主意。

17、比較句型:

(1)原級比較:

例:English is not so difficult a subject as Russia.

英語不是和像俄語一樣難的科目。

Their bones are not as thick as adults’.

他們的骨頭和成年人的不一樣厚。

(2)一方超過另一方:

例:The weather of this year is a lot hotter than that of last year.

今年的氣候比上一年的氣候要熱得多。

(3)一方不如另一方:

例:The restoration was so bad that it made some of the buildings less secure than they had been before.

修復工作是如此的糟,以致於它使得一些建築沒有以前安全了。

(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~

The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~

(愈...愈...)

例:The harder you work, the more progress you make.

你愈努力,你愈進步。

The more books we read, the more learned we become.

我們書讀愈多,我們愈有學問。

(5) more…. than…與其說…倒不如說

例:Smith is more diligent than intelligent.

與其說Smith聰明倒不如說他勤奮。

(6) no +形容詞比較級+ than = as +形容詞的反義詞+ as

例:I am no better at English than you. 我的英語不比你好。

(7) that 在前後比較中代替不可數名詞和特指的單數可數名詞

例:The traditional picture of St Nicholas is quite different from that

of Father Christmas.

(8) one 在前後比較中代替泛指的單數可數名詞。

例:I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near

my Mom's. 與南京相比我更喜歡在北京有一套公寓,因為我想跟我媽媽住一起。

(9) those 在前後比較中代替 特指的複數可數名詞。

例:Salaries are higher here than those in my country.

這兒的工資比我們國家的高。

(10) ones 在前後比較中代替泛指的複數可數名詞

例:Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones

than mobile phones do.汽車確實給我們的身體健康帶來問題,事實上比手機造成的問題更嚴重。

18、感嘆句型:

(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!

例:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!

信守我們的諾言是多麼的重要啊!

(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!(多麼...!)

例:How important a thing it is to keep our promise!

遵守諾言是多麼重要的事!

(3) How + S + V!

例句:How I want to go to Beijing. 我多麼想去北京啊!

19、表法猜測的句型:

(1) must have done sth 一定做過某事 否定形式:can't have done

例:She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚來的。

She can't have gone there 她不可能到那兒去。

(2) may have done sth 可能做過某事 否定形式:may not have done

例:Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

Philip 可能在這次車禍中傷得很嚴重。

(3) might have done sth 或許做過某事 否定形式: might not have done

例:She might have known what the bottle contained.

她或許知道這個瓶子裡裝的是什麼。

(4) should have done sth 估計已經做了某事

否定形式:should not have done

例:She should have arrived in her office by now.

她此刻估計已經到達辦公室了。

20、動詞不定式常用句型:

(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.

某人花/花了/將花多長時間/多少錢做某事.

例句:It took me years of hard work to speak good English.

為了講一口流利的英語,我花了多年時間刻苦操練.

(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth

例:Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the

Union. 林肯說南方脫離聯邦是不對的。

It was careless of Tom to break the cup.

(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……別無選擇.

例句:We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.

由於錯過了最後一班公共汽車,除了乘坐的士,我們別無選擇.

(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行為不/正像某人的一貫作風.

例:lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most

important thing in life.

上課遲到不像吉姆的一貫作風,他把時間看作是生命中最重要的.

(5) ....形容詞/副詞+enough to do sth.

例:I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa..

(6) It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)

例句:It pays to help others. 幫助別人是值得的。

(7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth

例:It must cost a good deal to live here.住這兒一定會花很多錢的。

(8) do all he could to do sth

do what he could to do sth

do everything he could to do sth

例:They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.

他們在盡最大努力去幫助祖國。

(9) It is hard to imagine/ say … 很難想象/說……

例:It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each

day. 很難想象愛迪生每天是怎樣工作20小時的。

It's hard to say whether the plan is practical.

這個計劃是否實際很難說。

21、動名詞常用句型:

(1) trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.

(有困難做某事)

例:People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in

understanding each other.

來自那兩個國家的人們在相互理解上是沒有困難的。

(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……

例:Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he

couldn't say a word.

一聽到這個出乎意料的訊息,他驚訝到說不出話來。

(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.

例:There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.

解決這個社會問題毫無困難。

(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth

例:There is no need in sending such expensive present.

沒有必要送這樣貴重的禮物。

(5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth

例:They say children spend too much time chatting and playing games instead of focusing on their school work.

他們說孩子們花太多的時間在閒聊和玩遊戲上,而不是集中在學習上。

(6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth

例:It’s no use talking with him. He won’t listen to you.

跟他談沒用,他不會聽你的。

(7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing

例:It's a waste of time watching TV programme as this.

22、as if/though 句型:

例:He spoke to me as if I were deaf.

他那樣給我說話,就像我是聾子似的。

The new students talked as though they had been friends for years.

新來的學生們說話很親熱,就像多年的老朋友似的。

23、‘IF’虛擬條件句

(1) 與過去事實相反

例:If the man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.

在Brunei,如果那人用第一個手指指著的話,那人人都會認為他很不禮貌。

(2) 與現在事實相反

例:If I were in your position, I would call the police immediately.

如果我處在你的位置,我會立即打電話給警察。

(3) 與將來事實相反

例:If I had (should have) time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.

如果我明天有空的話,我當然會幫助你的。

(4) 虛擬條件句中的倒裝:

例:Should it rain, the crops would grow better.

如果天下雨的話,莊稼會長得更好。

Were I your father, I would not give you the money.

如果我是你父親的話,我就不會給你那錢了。

Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk

如果不是那船長的話,那船就會沉沒了。

24、Not --- until 句型

(1) 陳述句 not --- until --- 直到……才

例:Last night I didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock. 昨晚我11點鐘才睡覺。

(2) 強調句 It wasn't until…that... 直到……才…….

例:It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter.

我直到昨天才收到你的來信.

(3) 倒裝句 Not ... 直到……才…….

例:Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我開始工作,我才意識到我已蹉跎了很多歲月.

25、since 句型:

(1) Since + S + 過去式,S + 現在完成式

例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.

自從他上高中,他一直很用功。

(2) It is + --- + since S +持續性謂語動詞(表否定)

例:It is three years since she lived here. 她已三年不住這兒了。

(3) It is + --- + since S + 瞬間謂語動詞(表肯定)

例:It is years since I stopped smoking).我戒菸已經數年了。

26、If only...! 真希望……!若是……那該多好啊!

(1) 謂語動詞用過去式表現在:如:

例:If only I knew his name! 要是我知道他的名字就好了。

(2) 謂語動詞用過去完成時表過去:如:

例:If only we had followed your advice! 我們要是採納你的意見就好了。

(3) 謂語動詞用could/would表將來:如:

例:If only I could see him again! 要是我能再看到他多好啊!

If only she would accept my invitation!

要是她接受我的邀請該多好啊1

27、讓步狀語從句:

(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject(主詞)+ be, S + V~~~ (雖然...)

例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means

satisfactory.

雖然我們的國家富有,我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。

(2) No matter what等特殊疑問詞... …無論什麼…….

例句:No matter what happens, I'll always stand by you.

不論發生什麼事,我都永遠支援你.

(3) However + adj/adv + S + V, 儘管……

例:You won't be able to do it alone, however much you try.

不論你多努力,你一個人也做不來。

(4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V,無論什麼/哪裡……

例:Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪裡我都會想到你。

(5) whether … or not

例:Whether you like it or not, you'll have to do it.

不管你喜歡不喜歡,你必須做這件事。

(6) even if/though

例:Even if/Even though the exercise is very difficult, you must do it.

即使那練習很難,你都必須做。

28、違反常規的冠詞位置句型:

(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.

例:He is as good a student as you. 他和你一樣是個好學生。

This is too difficult a problem for me.對我來說這是一個太難的問題。

You can hardly imagine how clever a boy he is.

你幾乎想象不到那孩子有多聰明。

(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n

例:She sang quite a beautiful song. 她的歌唱得很漂亮。

He was such a fool as to believe what she said.

他是這樣的一個笨蛋以致於相信了她說的話。

(3) all/both/half/twice the + n

例:All the students in her class like her very much.

她班上所有的學生都喜歡她。

29、表示最高階的句型:

(1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V

例:Nothing is more important than to receive education.

沒有比接受教育更重要的事。

(2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原級+as

例:Nobody is so blind as those who will not see.

沒有人像那些視而不見的人如此的瞎了。

(3) 比較級+than+any other +名詞單數

比較級+than +anything(anyone)else

比較級+than + any of the others

例:Bamboo probably has more uses than any other plant in the world.

(4) 否定詞 +比較級

例:It can’t be worse. 這是最糟的

I can’t agree any more.我非常同意。

(5) be the last ----

例:This is the last thing I want to do. 這是我最不想幹的事。

30、more --- than 句型:

(1) more --- than 與其……不如……

例:He is more lazy than slow at his work.

= He is less slow than lazy at his work.

在工作上與其說他慢不如說他懶。

(2) more than 超過;不僅僅是;非常

例:These flags are more than just colorful pieces of cloth and thread sewn together. 這些旗子不只是不同顏色的布料和絲線逢在一起。

(3) not more than 最多,不超過

例:They finished the project in not more than one year.

在不超過一年的時間內,他們完成了那項工程。

(4) no more than 僅僅

例:The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

那些官員能看到的僅僅是皇帝。

31、形式賓語與賓語補語句型:

(1) 形式賓語代動詞不定式

例:I think it necessary to explore the space. 我認為探索太空是有必要的。

(2) 形式賓語代從句

例:They found it strange that no one would take the money.

他們感到很奇怪誰也不要這一筆錢。

(3) 過去分詞做賓語補語表示賓語被動的動作:

例:I had my pen stolen. 我的筆被偷了。

(4) 現在分詞做賓語補語表示賓語正在進行的動作。

例:They found her lying in bed reading a novel.

他們發現她躺在床上看小說。

(5) 以名詞(間或可用代詞)作賓語補足語:

例:In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his

revolutionary work.

1849年他到了英國,並且把倫敦作為他的革命工作的基地。

I think him an honest man.我認為他是一個誠實的人。

(6) 介詞短語做賓語補語:如:

例:I can't find him in the office.我在辦公室外沒有發現他。

(7) What do you find the hardest in... 你覺得……最大的困難是什麼

例句:What do you find the hardest in learning English

你覺得學英語最大的困難是什麼

32、特殊的條件句:

(1) Suppose/ Supposing ---, 假如……

例:Suppose/Supposing he is absent, what shall we do?

假如他缺席,我們怎麼辦?

(2) On condition that只要……;如果……

例:I'll come on condition that John is invited, too.

如果約翰也被邀請,我就來。

(3) provided (that)/ providing ----- 只要……

I will come provided (that) I am well enough. 只要我身體好,我一定來。

You may go out providing you do your homework first.

只要你先做作業,你便可以外出。

(4) so/as long as

例:As/So long as you work hard, you'll succeed in the end.

只要你好好幹,終究會成功的。

(5) 祈使句+and + 陳述句(表肯定)

例:Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile.

(= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. ) 他會得寸進尺的。

(6) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陳述句 (表否定)

例:Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train.

(= If you don’t start at once, …)

(= Unless you start at once, you’ll miss the train.)

立即動身,否則你會錯過那班火車的。

(7) …won'ss... 除非……否則我不會…….

例句:I won't write to him unless he writes to me first.

我不會寫信給他的,除非他先寫給我.

33、特殊的比較句型:

(1) A differs from B in that…(A不同於B在於……)

例:She differs from her sister in the colour of her eyes.

她眼睛的顏色跟她姐姐不同。

(2) es from person to person(……是因人而異的)

例:The opinion of the problem varies from person to person.

對這個問題的看法是因人而異的。

(3) A is superior(inferior) to B. A 優越於B

例:The modal is technically superior to its competitors.

這一款式在技術上優越於與之競爭的產品。

Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV.

(4) be different from

例:Its meaning can be completely different from the meaning of its components. 它的意思有時候跟它的合成的意思完全不一樣。

(5) be inferior to

例:Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past.

現代音樂常被人認為不如過去的。

(6) A and B have sth in common. A 和B 有共同點。

例:The Japanese and Chinese cultures have a lot in common.

日本與中國的文化具有許多相同點。

34、必須背誦的There be 句型:

(1) There is no immediate solution to the problem .

對於這個問題沒有立即的解決的方案。

(2) There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否認的...)

例:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad

to worse. 不可否認的,我們的生活品質已經每況愈下。

(3) There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問,…….

例句:There is no doubt that health is better than wealth.

毫無疑問,健康勝於財富.

(4) There's no point in... ……是無意義的.

例句:There's no point in getting angry when things have happened.

對已發生的事生氣是沒有意義的.

(5) There's no way... ……絕不可能.

例句:There's no way one could succeed without hard work.

一個人不努力絕不可能成功.

(6) There is no one but ~~~ (沒有人不...)

例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.

沒有人不渴望上大學。

(7)There is no need/use/harm/hurry in doing sth

例:There is no need in spending money mending the broken car.

沒有必要花錢去修理那破車了。

There is no use in regretting when time passed by.

時間過去了再後悔就沒有用了。

There is no harm in using the environmentally friendly products.

用環保產品是沒有害處的。

There is no hurry in running to school for time is still enough.

沒有必要匆匆忙忙上學校,因為時間還充足呢。

(8) There no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth

例:There is no trouble in selling our car.

我們毫不費力地賣了我們的車。

35、time 句型:

(1) the first time 引導的狀語從句

例:I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.

第一次我見到她時,覺得她很誠實。

(2) (the) next time 引導的狀語從句

例:The harvest will have been got in (the) next time you come.

你下次來時,莊稼已收好了。

(3) the last time 引導的狀語從句

例:What was the name of the hotel he had stayed in the last time he was

in Cairo? 他上次來開羅時往的那家旅館叫什麼來著?

(4) each time/every time 引導的狀語從句

例:Every time you get back at night, you drop your shoes on the floor.

每次夜間回來,你總是把你的靴子朝地上一扔。

(5) It is /was the first/last/second /third time +從句(完成時態)

例:This is the first time I have been here 這是我第一次到這兒。

(6)It is high time that sb did (should do) sth 該……的時候了。

例句:It is high time that we went to the classroom.

該我們進教室的時候了。

(7) by the time + 從句 就在……時候;到……時候為止

例:We'll be ready by the time you get back.

你回來的時候,我們將準備好了。

(8) It's time for sb to do sth

例:It’s time for me to log off. 我該關機/下線了。

(9) It's time for sth

例:It's time for lunch. 午餐的時間到了。

36、幾種重要的表語從句句型:

(1) The point is that ... 重點/關鍵是…….

例句:The point is that you have to keep your promise to help her with

her English. 關鍵是你得遵守諾言,幫她學習英語.

(2) The chance is that … 有可能……

例:The chance is that he will succeed. 他很有可能成功。

(3) The fact is that … 事實是……

例:The fact is that he hasn’t yet recover from illness.

事實是他還沒有康復呢。

(4) The problem/question is that … 問題是……

例:The question is whether we should ask them for help.

問題是我們是否應該向他請求幫助。

(5)That is ---

例:That is where Lu Xun used to live. 這是魯迅過去住過的地方。

37、幾種重要的倒裝句型:

(1) only 倒裝句

例:Only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.

只有靠努力的工作你才能指望提高工資。

Only when he told me about the news did I know the truth.

僅僅當他告訴了我這訊息我才知道真相。

(2) so 倒裝句

例:So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.

時間是如此珍貴,我們經不起浪費它。

(3) such 倒裝句

例:Such was the story he told. 這就是他講的故事。

Such a well-known man is he that everyone wants to take a photo

with him.他是如此出名的人以致於人人都想和他拍照片。

(4)含有否定意義的片語提前

例:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。

(5)介詞短語提前

例:Outside the classroom stood an old man. 在教室的外面站著一位老人。

(6) 分詞提前

例:Seated on the ground are a group of young men playing cards.

坐在地面上的是一群年輕人在打牌。

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.

躺在地板上的是一個17歲的男孩。

(7) not only --- but also 倒裝句

例:Not only was the city polluted but the streets were crowded.

不僅那城市被汙染了,街道也很擁擠。

Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. 通過消熱止痛,阿斯片林不僅拯救了許多人的生命,而且還幫助了許多其它的事情。

38、so/such that句型

(1) so that (引導結果狀語從句)結果……

例:We were late so that the teacher was angry.

我們遲到,使得教師生氣了。

(2) so that = in order that (目的狀語從句)以便,為了

例:I hurried so that I wouldn't be late for class.

為了上課不遲到,我匆忙起來。

In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him at 6.

為了使他不致遲到,他母親在6點鐘叫醒了他。

(3) so +形容詞+(或a/an+ 名詞)+that 如此……以致於……

例:I've been working so hard recently that I haven't had any time for

collecting new stamps. 我近來一直很忙,沒時間蒐集新郵票。

(4) such +名詞(或an/a+形容詞 + 名詞)+--- that

例:It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it

這是一個異乎尋常的藝術作品,人人都想看一看。

39、表示“也、同樣”的句型

(1) too 用於肯定

例:I like the book, too. 我也喜歡這本書。

(2) also 用於陳述句

例:She also speaks a little Italian. 她也會說一點義大利語。

(3) either 用於否定句

例:Peter can't go and I can't either. Peter 不能去,我也不能。

(4) so 用於肯定的倒裝句

例:You speak English well, so does he.

你的英語講得很好,他講得也不錯。.

(5) neither/nor 用於否定的倒裝句

例:I have never heard of such a thing, Neither has she.

我從來沒有聽說這件事,她也沒有。

Tom didn’t finish his homework. Nor did Jane.

湯姆沒有完成作業,Jane 也沒有。

(6) as well 用於句末

例:He knows German as well. 他也懂德語。

(7) so it is/was with = so it is/was the same with 用於包含不同種類的動詞

例:Jack is a student and studies in China. So it is with Green.

Jack是一個學生,在中國學習, Green也是如此。

(8) The same is true of……,

例:The music is dull and uninspiring, and the same is true of the acting.

那音樂單調,缺少激情;那表演也是如此。

(9) The same can be said of…… (……也是如此).

例:The same can be said of our country, also a developing one.

我們的國家也是如此,一個發展中國家。

40、幾種重要的同位語從句:

(1) 由where 引導

例:The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be

considered. 那個我們應該在哪兒建造廠房的建議應該給予考慮。

(2) 由what引導

例:I have no idea what he did. 我不知道他做了什麼。

(3) 由whether 引導

例:The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided.

他是否會參加會議這個問題還沒決定。

(4) 由who引導。

例:The question who will go abroad needs considering.

誰將去國外這個問題需要考慮。

(5) 由when 引導

例:I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.

我不知道他們什麼時候回來定居。

(6) 由that 引導

例:The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very

good. 學生應該有很多練習,這個建議不錯。

(7) 由how 引導

例:He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

他是怎樣得到那錢的,他不能回答這個問題。

(8) 由why 引導

例: We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.

我搞不懂這個問題,為什麼這是最好的選擇。

41、whether 句型:

(1) It doesn't matter whether 是否……並沒有關係

例:It doesn’t matter whether it is fine or not.

天氣是否不錯並有關係。

(2) It makes no difference whether 是否……沒關係

例:It makes no difference whether you go today or tomorrow.

你是今天去還是明天去沒多大區別。

(3) It is not made clear whether 是否……還不清楚

例:It is not made clear whether Lily will pass the exam.

還不清楚Lily是否會通過那場考試。

(4) It is still a question whether 是否……仍然是一個問題

例:It is still a question whether they are able to get enough coal this winter.

今年冬天他們是否能夠得到足夠的煤還是一個問題。

(5) It is not decided whether 是否……還沒決定

例:It is not decided whether the sports meeting will be put off.

運動會是否會被推遲還沒決定。

(6} It is to be found out whether 是否……有待於發現

例:It is to be found out whether there is other oil resources underground.

地下是否有石油資源還有待於發現。

(7) It is to be decided whether 是否……有待於決定

例:It is to be decided whether this idea can be put into practice.

這個想法是否能夠實施還有待於決定。

(8) I doubt/wonder whether 我懷疑是否……

例:I doubt whether the new one will be any better.

我懷疑這個新的是否會好一點。

(9) have no idea/don't know whether 不知道是否……

例:I have no idea whether the traffic is terrible on that way.

我不知道那條路上的交通是否很糟。

(10) It depends on whether... 這取決於……是否…….

例句:It depends on whether you are determined to do it or not.

這取決於你是否決心要做這件事情.

42、with複合賓語句型

(1) with + n + adj.

例:He stared at me with his mouth open. 他張著嘴凝視著我。

(2) with + n + adv

例:The boy stood there, with his head down. 這男孩低著頭站在那。

(3) with + n + 介詞短語

例:He stood with his hand in his pocket. 他站著,一手插在衣袋裡。

(4) with + n + 動詞不定式

例:With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.

由於沒有可談話的人,John覺得很悲傷。

(5) with + n + 現在分詞

例:With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.

由於物價迅猛上漲,我們買不起高當商品。

(6) with + n + 過去分詞

例:With her eyes fixed on the opposite wall, she did not answer

immediately. 她的眼睛盯著對面的牆壁,她沒有立即回答。

43、have 複合賓語句型:

(1) have sb do sth

例:I won't have you say such things. 我絕不會讓你說這樣的話。

(2) have sb doing

例:She will have you doing all the housework if you are're not carefully.

如果你再不小心的話,她就讓你做全部家務。

(3) have sth done

例:I have my hair cut every six weeks. 我每六個星期剪一次頭。

44、幾個重要的目的狀語從句句型:

(1) in case

例:He left early in case he should miss the last train.

他動身得早,以免誤了最後一班火車。

(2) for fear (that)

例:He handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be

damaged. 他小心翼翼地擺弄那儀器,以防把它弄壞。

(3) so that

例:Let’s take the front seats so that we can see more clearly.

讓我們坐到前面的座位上,以便能看得更清楚些。

(4) in order that

例:He got up very early so that/in order that he might/could catch the

early bus. 為了趕上早班車,他起了個大早。

45、幾個難掌握的主語從句和賓語從句

(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.

你喜歡什麼就拿什麼。

(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like.

你想坐哪個位置就坐哪個位置。

(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.

任何一個砍樹的人都必須受到懲罰。

(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the

office.

你可以把條子給你在辦公室看到的任何一個人。

46、使用現在完成時和過去完成時的常用句型:

(1) since句型:主句用完成時

例:My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

從1949年,我嬸嬸就一直在一家診所工作。

(2) since when +完成時

例:Since when have you planted so many young trees?

從什麼時候你種植了這麼多小樹的?

(3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth

例:This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次到這兒。

(4) by…(到……為止)到過去某個時候為止用過去完成時,到現在為止

用現在完成時,到將來某個時候為止用將來完成時。

例:She will have finished the book by my next birthday.

到我下一個生日為止,我將完成那本書。

By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.

到昨天十一點止我們就已經到達機場了。

但比較:By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.

就在主講者進入大廳的時候,所有的聽眾都坐好了。

(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成時

例:In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.

在過去的十年裡,我們的家庭生活發生了很大的變化。

(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用過去完成時

例:Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.

我一到學校,鈴子就響了。

No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.

我們剛坐到桌子旁邊電話就響了。

(7) 未實現的願望打算等等用過去完成時

例:I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed.

47、幾種特殊的狀語從句句型:

(1) everywhere 引導

例:Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.

他們每到一處就收到熱烈的歡迎。

(2) anywhere 引導

例:We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.黨指向哪我們就去哪。

(3) the way 引導

例:She is doing her work the way I like it done.

她在用她喜歡的方法做她的工作。

(4) like 引導

例:The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.

那地主監視著他就像貓監視老鼠一樣。

(5) immediately引導

例:I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.

我一刻也沒停留,你一打電話我就來的。

48、有關it的幾個特殊句型 :

(1) owe it to sb. that…把…歸功於…

例:I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.

虧你幫忙,我才及時完成了工作。

(2) take it for granted that …想當然

例:I take it for granted that they will support this idea.

我認為他們會支援這個提議是理所當然的。

(3) keep it in mind that…

例:It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.

一定要記住的是成功的祕密是努力的工作。

(4) It can be seen from the statistics that ...從這個統計可看出……

例句:It can be seen from the statistics that exercise is good for us.

從這個統計可以看出,練習對我們是有好處的。

(5). It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞後面,尤其是表示好惡的動詞後,

enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like,

see to, appreciate, stand 賓語從句緊跟it之後

例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.

我妒嫉你游泳那麼好,而我不能。

I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening.

如果你晚上給我回電話,我會非常感激.

I can't stand it when people talk with their mouth full.

我無法忍受別人說話的時候滿嘴食物.

(6). It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞後面,賓語從句緊跟it之後

(except that例外)

例:I'm for it that you will follow their advice.

我贊成你採納他們的意見。

(7) It must be pointed out that 必須指出的是

例句:It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to

control population growth while raising the quality of the population.

一定要指出的是國家基本政策之一是在提高人口質量的同時控制

人口增長。

(8) It has been proved that… 有人已經證實……

例:It has been proved that his theory is right.

已經證明,他的理論是對的。

49、列舉、說明句型:

(1) on the one hand --- ; on the other hand

(2) For one thing ---; for another thing ---

例:For one thing, these shoes don't suit you. For another, they are too

expensive. 一方面,這雙鞋子並不適合你;另一方面,這太貴了.

(3) It is one thing to...; it is another to...

做這件事是一回事;做那件事是另一回事

(4) what's more ---; morever ---; furthermore ---

(5) Firstly ---; secondly ---; finally ---

(6) In the first place ---; in the second place ---

(7)First of all/to begin with ---; in addition/besides ---

50、總結句型:

(1) Through the above analysis(分析)

例:Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones.

通過以上分析,我認為積極因素大於消極因素。

(2) To sum up,總而言之, …

例:To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problems.

決而言之,解決這個問題的方法有三條。

(3) In short... 總之……

例:In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.

總之,學生們還沒有達成一致的意見。

(4) In a word , it is clear that… 總之,很明顯……

例:In a word, it is clear that smoking does harm to our health.

總之,很明顯,抽菸對我們健康有害。

(5) On account of this we can find that … 由此我們可以知道…

例:On account of this we can find that it is not suitable for middle school students to have cell phones.

由此我們可以發現中學生持有手機是不合適的。

(6) In conclusion … 結論之, …

例:In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants’ lives.

結論之,我們必須理性地考慮這個問題,對農民的生活應給予更多的重視。

(7) All in all, it is obvious that …..總之,很明顯……

例:All in all, it is obvious that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.

總之,很明顯,政府應該建立多種不同的學校去滿足不同孩子的需要。

(8) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these

factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion

that ...

從以上所討論的東西來看/考慮到所有這些因素,我們完全可以得出這樣

的結論……

例:From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

從以上所討論的東西來看/考慮到所有這些因素,我們完全可以得出這樣的結論,隨著現代社會的進步,閒暇的生活方式正在減少,這未必是一件壞事。

【總結】2013年已經到來,高中寒假告示以及新的工作也在籌備,小編在此特意收集了寒假有關的文章供讀者閱讀。

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淺談高中英語教學中學生創造思維的培養

摘要:本文受陶行知先生“處處是創造之地,天天是創造之時,人人是創造之人”的啟發,試圖從營造創新環境、放飛學生心靈、變革材料內容、改變評價觀念、開展課外活動等方面入手,談新課改實踐中學生創造思維的培養途徑。

關鍵詞:英語創造思維培養

推進新課程,實施素質教育,應以學生的發展為宗旨,以培養學生的創新思維能力實踐為重點。以提高學生的整體素質,著重培養學生的語言為目的。而教學活動的所有形式都與學生的智力發展,首先是與創造性的發展聯絡在一起。教師不再是單一的知識的傳播者、發號施令的權威,而是共同學習的參與者和幫助者;是教學活動的設計者、指導者,學生心靈的探索者;更重要的是學生創造能力的開發者。學生成為學習的主體,學生不再是外部刺激的被動接受者和知識灌輸的物件,而是成為資訊加工的主體,意義的構造者。那麼,在英語教學中如何實施創新教育,開創新局面呢?下面是筆者的探索與思考。

一、營造創新環境,激發創新慾望。

從心理學的角度,羅傑斯提出,有利於創造性思維的一般條件是心理安全和心理自由。從本質上講,創造性思維必定是異樣的,當學生在心理上感到安全時,他就不會害怕表現,他可以在進行創造性思維時無須處於保守狀態,從而保持“心理的自由”,充分表現而無須拘束。

在注重營造創新環境方面,羅伯特·麥瑞克(Robert Myrick)則認為,教學中有利於學生學習的因素有以下六種:關懷、理解、認同、尊重、友情和信任(Lynda Fielstein & Patrica Phelps, 2001)。

按照新課程對教師角色的要求,教師應當幫助學生制定適當的學習目標,並確認和協調達到目標的最佳途徑,指導學生形成良好的學習習慣,掌握學習策略。創造豐富的教學環境,激發學生的學習動機。以平等的心態面對學生,以豁達、開朗、睿智、幽默去接受學生、感染學生。培養學生的學習興趣,為學生提供多種便利,為學生的學習服務,努力建立一個接納性的、寬容性的課堂氣氛。

輕鬆、愉快、民主、和諧的學習氣氛和環境對學習者的精神面貌、學習動機、自我形象會產生積極的影響。而積極、肯定的情緒會使學生的主動性、創造性得到發展,學生的思維會更活躍。因此,在教學中,教師要努力培養自身的心理素質,把真摯的愛用親切、鼓勵、信任、尊重的情感資訊傳遞給學生,使學生體會到師生共同享有一片陽光的平等。使學生在積極參與教學活動中感受到自己是學習的主人。尤其要鼓勵那些具有差異性、發展性的學生,使人人處在創造性思維的火花之中。

二、放飛學生心靈,培養創新思維。

創造性思維是以解決學習中所提出的疑難問題為前提,用獨特新穎的思維方式,創造出新觀點、新知識、新方法等心理過程。在英語教學中培養學生的創造性思維,必須改變單一發展學生聚合思維的做法,突破思維定勢的束縛,以發散思維為切入點和突破口,喚醒學生的問題意識,激勵學生的創新思維。

1. 教師巧設問題。在閱讀教學中,筆者常常對材料的主旨大意、作者的意圖與態度、人物的性格、文中暗含的意義等巧設問題,以培養學生通過已有知識進行創造思維。如:在“Modern Architecture”過程中,筆者穿插提問:

① What are the difference between ancient architecture and modern architecture?

② Why can we regard Antonio Gaudi as a modern architect?

③ If you were free to design your own dream house,what would that house look like?

2. 學生巧提問題。教師藉助課文內容,把提問的權力交給學生,讓學生展示其創造性思維能力的機會。如有的課文學了以後,讓學生就課文內容互提互答問題,鼓勵學生提思考性強、富有獨創性的問題。如:在學習了 “Making a difference”一文後,學生提了許多問題,現摘錄如下:

① Who is greater,Galileo or Zhang Heng?

② How did the discoveries of Galileo and Zhang Heng help us better understand the world?

③ What can we learn from the scientists?

④ If you were a scientist several hundred years ago,what would you do?

三、變革教材內容,運用創造思維。

變革教材內容就是從給定的情境遷移到新的情境中,引導學生把對某個問題的理解從課文中跳出來,在時間和空間上作出拓展性的延伸,注重聯絡實際來談認識、說看法。如:學習了“Saving the earth”一文後,讓學生結合我國長江、黃河流域的情況以及周邊地區空氣汙染、水汙染和噪聲汙染的情況,拿出自認為切實可行的改善環境的措施,使學生運用聯絡的觀點透過現象看本質的分析問題的能力逐步提高。又如:在學了“No smoking,please!”一文後,要求學生運用所學的smoking 各方面危害的知識,給老師、父親或親朋好友寫一封勸說戒菸的信。

四、改變評價觀念,發展創新個性。

創新教學強調評價要具賞識性、激勵性,要著眼於學生的成長與發展,對學生學習過程和結果給予更多的肯定、讚賞、表揚與鼓勵。樹立激勵性評價的觀念,能使教師對學生恰如其分地進行評價,創造出一種善意的環境,使學生產生熱情向上的信心,從內心產生對學習的愉快的情感體驗,如:在討論式教學和開放性的作文評價中,我善於理解學生在討論和作文中的思想和行為,捕捉其中的閃光點,欣賞他們的個性,鼓勵他們發表新穎、獨到的見解,為學生的創新個性的養成提供廣闊空間。

五、開展課外活動,提高創新活力。

英語教學,亟待開啟教室的大門,縮小課堂與生活的距離,讓“源頭活水”流進課堂。實踐中筆者從以下幾方面進行了嘗試:

1. 演短劇。在學習了 “The Merchant of Venice”後,讓學生自導、自演短劇。幾人一組,寒暑假期間,讓學生自找搭檔、自編、自導、自演短劇,開學後進行彙報演出。通過短劇表演,學生體會了人物的性格和命運,培養了對文學藝術的審美能力和鑑賞能力,發展了自己的想象力和創造力。

2. 搞辯論。智慧只有在和智慧的碰撞中才會發出動人的火花,創造性思維也是如此。因此當一批富有個性的學生走到一起的時候,由於每個學生的起點不同,觀察的角度不同,進行研究的方法不同,以及分析問題的水平不同,就必然會產生不同的,甚至對立的看法。因此每個學生個體間的切磋辯論使每個學生的大腦處於高度興奮狀態之中,每個參與者都能充分表達自己的意見,他們可以從各個方面、各個角度進行思路接觸,每個學生個體都受到其他學生提到意見資訊的刺激與啟發,有利於激勵創造性的設想,從而達到鍛鍊創造性思維的目標。為此,筆者經常組織學生舉行辯論賽。如在學了“A new car factory”一文後,筆者出了這樣一個辯題:Is it 高中物理 good or bad to build such a new car factory? Give your reasons. 又如學了“The secret is out!”後,把男女生分成正、反兩方,對辯題 “Boy students study better than girl students”進行辯論,以此開啟學生的話匣子,引導他們放言高論,暢所欲言,讓學生說自己想說的話。

3. 搞調查。研究性學習是新課改倡導的學習方式。教材中涉及環境教育的題材很多。學習這方面的課文後,引導學生結合課文內容,調查周圍環境汙染的狀況。自選角度、自擬題目,寫出調查報告,提出自己的見解和構想。開展“我與自然”英語徵文比賽。目的是放開學生的手腳,引導他們到生活的廣闊天地去尋找“源頭活水”,積累生活經驗、豐富情感、擴大視野、增長見識、開闊襟懷、引發想象。

4. 編故事。編故事是有利於開發創造性思維的活動。學完一個單元后老師給出常用的詞和片語,讓學生用這些詞和片語編一個故事,啟開發學生心扉。中學生是一群生龍活虎、情感豐富的人,他們懂得觀察當今豐富多彩的生活,因此其故事也是豐富多彩的。

除此之外,還開展編報紙、續故事、辦晚會等課外實踐活動,引發學生豐富的聯想和想象,使創新充滿活力。

一代教育大師陶行知先生說得好:“處處是創造之地,天天是創造之時,人人是創造之人。”只要我們教師善於探索、重在引導、貴在開竅,學生創造性思維的火花一定會熠熠發光。

參考文獻:

1. 中華人民共和國教育部制訂,英語課程標準(實驗稿),北京師範大學出版社,2001 年;

2. Lynda fielstein & Patricia Phelps, 王建平等譯,Introduction to Teaching: Rewards and Realities. 中國輕工業出版社,2002 年。

學習高中英語口語的十大誤區

1、語法當先

說話、寫作之前先想語法,惟恐語法有錯,此為學校課堂死板的英語教學給學生留下的最嚴重的後遺症之一。

2、心理恐懼

聽不懂更不敢說話,讀不快也不敢寫,惟恐語法有錯導致心理上的畏懼,認為英語是高深莫測的學問,認為英語老師的思維方式才是惟一正確的思路,培養了許多考試高分,而真正運用英語低能的畸形學生。

3、學無致用

學習英語不是為了運用和表達,而是為了考試和過關,於是動機走偏結果是學得越多,丟得越多;沒有把英語變成自己表達自己,與人交流的真正工具,事倍功半,浪費自己的時間和金錢。

4、落後陳舊

學了不少古董英語。任何語言都是“活”的語言,在每天發展新的詞彙/意向/用法等,在不斷豐富,不斷進步,從這個意義上說,學習陳舊的語言毫無新鮮感不說,基本無處可用。

5、急用亂醫

不少人在急用英語的情形下,只好囫圇吞棗,有病亂投醫,不管學校學習方法是否適合自己,先上著再說,選擇缺乏理性分析與思考,效果也就可見能有多好?