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閱讀理解|||下面有3篇短文，每篇短文後有5道題。請根據短文內容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。
Do bring about greater competition
About eight million school-age children are home alone after school. These are the hourswhen the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco-hol, tobacco, and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or twountil aparent comes home, and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk ofpoor grades and risky behaviors.
Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors amongyouths. One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio-lence even in poor ods.
After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities tochildren and youths during their out-of-school time. In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours, after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults. Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time, are very important for healthy development in youth.
After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and when a parent or other responsible adult is at home. The programs can also be helpfulfor formal after-school activities, including" drop-in" programs that are provided B.y ite the benefits of after-school programs, there are many reasons why some parents do notuse them. Programs may be too expensive, of poor quality, or hard to join. Some older children andyoung teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care. Parents may feeluncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years. However, research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protectingmiddle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
Which of the following is abenefit of after-school programs?
help to avoid crime and violence during that time.
help youths do things on their own during after-school hours.
help teens develop caring relationships with classmates.
help to reduce risky behaviors among youths.
參考答案：D
參考解析：依據是第二段“Studies have been done to find out…resulted in less violence even inpoor ods”。A選項中的“avoid(避免)”用在這裡不準確，根據第二段內容課後活動只能減少並沒有說徹底避免危險行為及暴力行為的產生，因此不選A。根據第三段第一句話“很多活動會安排給學生們在課後參加”，所以他們並不是on their own(獨自一人的)，因此不選B.。根據第三段第二句“…develop caring relationships with a-duhs.”可知，並不是和同學之間，而是和成年人之間形成良好關係，因此不選C。
Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?
programs are just like child care programs.
programs offer no freedom to their children.
programs bring little benefit to parents and children.
programs can be expensive or poor in quality.
參考答案：D
參考解析： 依據是最後一段的前兩句話“…there are many reasons why some parents…or hardto join”，根據最後一段第三句“Some older children and young teens may refuse to attendprograms that seem like they are just child care.”可以判斷出，只是某些學生認為這樣的活動類似於child care programs因此不喜歡，但並不是家長們拒絕課後活動專案的原因。因此不選A。根據最後一段第四句話可知，這些活動並不是不給孩子們任何自由，故不選B.項。C選項和前面第二段所講的“after-school programs resulted in less violenceeven in poor ods”矛盾，本身就不正確，更不是家長們拒絕課後活動的原因。
What can we infer from the passage?
agers tend to stay at their friends' houses for along time.
tionships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths.
after-school programs can be used for many different kids.
agers do not like the after-school programs.
參考答案：C
參考解析： 根據第四段的第一句話可以得知，除了適合那種放學之後父母都不在家的孩子外，課後活動專案也同樣適用於課後在朋友家打籃球，而家裡會有一位父母或是其他成年人在場的情況，因此可以推斷C是正確選項。文章中只說了學生會在朋友家“hangout”，並沒有說“stay for time”，因此不選A。根據第三段最後一句話“…high-quality relationships with parents and other adults…are very important for healthy develop-ment in youth.”可以推斷和父母親以及成年人之間的高質量的關係對於年輕人的'健康發展很重要，如果這種關係質量不高，那麼可能會造成年輕人的不健康發展。因此不選B.。根據最後一段的第三句話可以得知，只是某些學生不喜歡這樣的課後活動，並非D選項中所說的那麼絕對，因此不選D。
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
grades of those children who are home alone after school are more likely to suffer.
nts want to give their children as much as possible freedom.
after-school programs help the students to make use of the time after school.
after-school programs are effective in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.
參考答案：B
參考解析： 根據最後一段倒數第二句可知，父母親不確定到底可以給年齡較長已經過了託管年齡的孩子多大自由，可以判斷父母親並沒打算讓孩子們隨心所欲，蛤他們徹底的自由。因此B選項的內容是不正確的。A逸項的依據是第一段最後一句“…research sug.
gests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky iors”。C進項的依據是第三段第二句“In addition to helping youths make use of aRer-school hours…”。
D選項的依據是第三段第一句“After-school programs can help to reduce crime and vio-lence…”。
Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
h Crimes
r-school Programs
lem Children
acurricular Activities
參考答案：B
參考解析： 全文都在講述after-school programs出現的必要性、作用、適合群體以及來自家長和學生的反應，因此最佳標題應該是Aher-school Programs。
Late-Night Drinking
Coffee lovers beware. Having aquick" pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will playhavocwith your sleep. As well as being astimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, hormone that sends people into asleep.
Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am, before failing again. "It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells when to sleep and when to wake, "says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep EpidemiologyResearch Center at Stanford University in California. but researchers in Israel have found that caf-feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.
Lotan Shilo and ateam at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after acup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, comparedwith 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off--twice as long as usual--andjigged around in bed twice as much.
In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hoursand asked them to give aurine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of abreakdown product ofmelatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those indecaf drinkers. In apaper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest thatcaffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives tnelatonin production.
because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends thatcoffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.
The author mentions" pick-me-up" to indicate that__________.
tonin levels need to be raised
ohormone can wake us up
ee is astimulant
f is acaffeinated coffee
參考答案：C
參考解析：pick-me-up指提神飲料，也就是一種刺激物，在這篇文章裡具體指咖啡。所以，答案選C。
第37題單選修改
(警告：沒有校對)
Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?
eine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.
eine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.
eine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.
eine stays in the body for many hours.
參考答案：C
參考解析： 第二段第三個句子談到，“控制我們睡眠的是神經激素”，而這一段的最後一個句子告訴我們“含咖啡因咖啡能使這種激素減半”。這正是咖啡因影響睡眠的原因。
What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
erent effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.
erent findings of Lotan Shilo and ateam about caffeine.
fact that the subjects slept 415 tninutes per night after drinking decaf.
proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.
參考答案：A
參考解析： 第三段涉及的是一個實驗，這個實驗的目的是測試含咖啡因咖啡和脫咖啡因咖啡對睡眠的影響，該段主要談論的是這個實驗的結果。
What does the experiment lnentioned in paragraph 4 prove?
e are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.
e are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.
f drinkers produce less melatonin.
eine drinkers produce less sleep hormone that decaf drinkers.
參考答案：D
參考解析： 第四段是第三段實驗的繼續，是該實驗的第二階段。研究人員通過對志願者尿樣進行化驗發現，咖啡因攝入者體內的褪黑激素僅為非咖啡因攝入者的一半。褪黑激素就是睡眠激素，所以答案應該選D。
The author of this passage probably agrees that__________ .
ee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee
should not drink coffee after supper
le sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m.
we feel sleepy at night,we should go to bed immediately
參考答案：B
參考解析： 文章結尾談到，“Ohayon建議愛喝咖啡的人午飯後應該換喝脫咖啡因咖啡”。另外，整篇文章都在探討咖啡因影響睡眠的機理，所以，作者大概會同意“晚飯後不應該喝咖啡”的說法。選項A是一個全稱判斷，這等於說“所有喜歡喝咖啡的人都比不喝咖啡的人睡覺少”。這不一定，因為如果咖啡適量，喝咖啡的時間適當，咖啡不會影響睡眠。所以，作者可能不會同意這種說法。根據文章第二段第二句，選項C是錯的。根據文章第二段第一個句子，我們體內的褪黑激素(睡眠激素)的濃度在我們上床時間前兩小時開始上升，而這個時候我們會開始有睏意。反過來說就是，人們並非一有睏意就睡覺。所以，選項D不是答案。
Long bus Ride
Long bus rides are like television shows. They have nning, amiddle, and an end--with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. Theyhappen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes glides by outside thebus window. "buy Super Clean Toothpaste. " "Drink Good'n Wet Root beer. " "Fill up with Pa-cificGas. " Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared theunending cry of "You Need It! buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled thatway before. Usually some things have changed--new houses, new buildings, sometimes even anew road. The bus driver has e of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour orso. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as ense story.
Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane?
After awhile, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for awhile helps pass the middlehours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. but you've got to be careful ofwhat kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there'sakind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hourshave passed. by now you've sat with your legs crossed, with your hands crossed behind your head.
The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.
According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on bus trip?
on the road.
s on television.
rtisements on the board.
stations.
參考答案：C
參考解析：第一段中介紹了乘客在坐長途車過程中所見的是廣告牌。the commercials是“商業廣告”的意思;是“廣告牌”的意思，即advertisements on the board。
What is the purpose of this passage?
give the writer's opinion about long bus trips.
persuade you to take along trip.
explain how bus trips and television shows differ.
describe the s along the road.
參考答案：A
參考解析：全文主要介紹作者對乘車長途旅行的感受。因此選擇A。
The writer of this passage would probably favor__________.
drivers who weren't reckless
ing alone
vision set on the bus
s along the road
參考答案：D
參考解析： 第一段作者說到“The commercials are happen whether you wantthem or not.”商業廣告不可避免，無論你是否需要，它都會出現。也說到“Only if yousleep…are you spared the unending cry of‘Yon Need It!buy It Now!”’只有睡覺才能躲避廣告。由此可以推斷出作者不喜歡沿途的廣告牌。
The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because__________.
commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun
both have abeginning, amiddle, and an end, with commercials in between
drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses
traveling and watching TV are not exciting
參考答案：B
參考解析： 根據文章第一段第一句和第二句“乘坐長途車就如同欣賞電視秀，有開端、有情節、也有結尾，每隔三四分鐘插播商業廣告”，選項B.是正確的。
The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are__________.
ting
ortable
ng
ng
參考答案：A
參考解析： 根據文章第二段第一句“旅程的開始是舒適並且有些興奮的”和第三段第二句“你知道旅程將很快結束，就會產生一種期待和興奮”選項A正確。
