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閱讀材料一
When I am interviewed, I am occasionally asked: “What is the secret of business success?”
If I knew the perfect answer, I would have made far fewer mistakes over the years; in truth I suspect there are many ingredients. Nevertheless, as an exercise, I have noted below a number of contributing factors that I think matter more than most.
for yourself. To be self-employed can be lonely, and is likely to be hard work. But ultimately you will gain the rewards for your efforts if you are right – as long as you are lucky. You can certainly earn a handsome living working in a big bank or an accountancy firm, but you will never achieve a spectacular capital gain, or change the world in the way that an entrepreneur can by fulfilling their dream.
2. Be in the right place. History shows that growing markets, where entrepreneurs are encouraged, offer greater opportunities than places where there is stagnant demand, high tax and lots of regulation. On that basis, anyone with little to lose who is living in the west should emigrate to the east: it's what I advise anyone under the age of 30 to do. This is a harsh verdict, and inevitably there are thousands of exceptions. But it is undeniable that far more new millionaires and billionaires are being minted in countries such as India and China than in Europe. Growing gross domestic product, expanding populations, low costs and modest tax rates offer a powerful combination that the west simply cannot match.
n how to borrow. An ability to find and use debt is a factor in most stories of great wealth. Even if banks are not extending much credit right now, the cycle will turn and eventually they will reopen for business. I was slow to realise the fundamental importance of using debt. Many entrepreneurs overdo it at the top, and end up losing many of their leveraged assets when prices fall. But somehow they rarely go bankrupt, and very often reappear with new bankers in tow when the cycle turns.
參考譯文
在我接受採訪時，偶爾會有人問我：“企業成功的祕訣是什麼?”
如果我當初知道正確答案，那麼這麼多年來我會少犯很多錯誤;實際上，我認為成功的要素有許多。不過，我還是嘗試著列出了以下幾個在我看來最重要的影響因素。
1.為自己工作 自己當老闆可能會很孤單，而且可能工作繁重。但只要你走運，而又判斷正確，你最終會為自己的付出獲得回報。在一家大銀行或會計師事務所打工，你肯定能生活得不錯，但你永遠不會獲得豐厚的資本收益，或者像企業家那樣實現夢想，改變世界。
2.佔取地利 歷史經驗表明，相對於需求低迷、稅賦沉重、監管嚴格的市場，鼓勵創業的成長型市場會提供更大的機遇。有鑑於此，所有沒什麼可失去的西方人，都應該移居東 方：對30歲以下的年輕人，我都是這樣建議的。這是個粗略的判斷，必然存在諸多例外。但不可否認，印度和中國等國創造的新科百萬富翁和億萬富翁，要遠遠多 於歐洲。國內生產總值(GDP)不斷增長，人口持續增加，成本低廉，稅賦適中，這些因素的`強大組合令西方難以望其項背。
3.學習如何借債 獲得並利用債務的能力，是大多數鉅額財富故事中的一個要素。即使目前各銀行發貸不多，但週期會轉向，銀行最終會再次向商業敞開大門。我花了很長時間才認識 到利用債務的根本重要性。許多企業家在信貸高峰期做得太過火，最終在資產價格下跌時失去了大量槓桿資產。但他們很少破產，往往會在週期轉向時，攜手新的銀 行家捲土重來。
閱讀材料二
Hong Kong has long attracted attention in the global property world due to the volatility of its real estate prices. Now, however, it has shot into the spotlight for another reason - property derivatives.
On the 27th Feb ABN Amro bank and Sun Hung Kai Financial announced that they had traded a property swap based on Hong Kong's residential market, marking the first such transaction ever to be done in Asia.
With the ink now dry on the Hong Kong deal, bankers are predicting that a similar deal could take place in Australia in the next three months, followed by another transaction in Singapore in the next six months, and transactions in Japan and Korea towards the end of the year.
That means that in a few months' time an investor may potentially be able to "buy" an office in Sydney, "sell" a retail store in London and "buy" a residential property in Hong Kong by placing just one phone call, bankers say.
If so, this will mark a striking turnround for a sector that some bankers believe could soon be an exciting new frontier for financial innovation, not just in Hong Kong but around the world.
參考譯文
長期以來，香港一直因其房地產價格的波動性而吸引著全球地產界的目光。而如今，香港卻由於另一個原因而舉世矚目--房地產衍生品。
2月27日，荷蘭銀行(ABN Amro)和新鴻基金融(Sun Hung Kai Financial)宣佈，雙方以香港住宅市場價格為基礎，進行了一筆"房地產掉期"交易，這是亞洲首筆此類交易。
隨著香港此筆掉期交易的完成，銀行業人士預測，未來3個月，澳大利亞可能會出現類似交易，而未來6個月同樣的情況將出現在新加坡，今年年底前，日本和韓國也將出現類似的交易。
