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世行報告：中國經濟規模“縮水”40%
世界銀行(World Bank)本週公佈的最新估計資料顯示，中國和印度的經濟規模比原來設想的低40%。
The economies of China and India are 40 per cent smaller than previously thought, according to new estimates published by the World Bank this week.
對146個經濟體美元購買力的排名，是按照1000種商品和服務的價格計算的。世界銀行表示，這是“迄今為止在衡量各國購買力平價方面做出的最廣泛、最徹底的努力。”
The ranking of 146 economies by buying power in US dollars was based on the prices of 1,000 goods and services in what the World Bank described as “the most extensive and thorough effort ever to measure purchasing power parity across countries”.
購買力平價(PPP)——而非市場匯率——被視為衡量相對生活成本的更好尺度，因為它的衡量基礎是各個家庭用本國貨幣所能購買的商品和服務。
PPP, rather than market exchange rates, is regarded as a better measure of the relative cost of living, since it is based on goods and services households can buy with their domestic currency.
最新PPP估計資料顯示，中國人的財富減少了40%，佔世界總產出的近10%。研究顯示，中國仍是全球第二大經濟體，但其人均國內生產總值(GDP)只有美國的`9.8%。
The new PPP estimates show a 40 per cent drop in the wealth of the Chinese people, accounting for nearly 10 per cent of world output. China remains the world’s second-largest economy but, in terms of per capita gross domestic product, it is only 9.8 per cent of the size of the US, according to the research.
世界銀行行長羅伯特?佐利克(Robert Zoellick)表示，他不會就最新估計資料“做出任何政策結論”。按最新資料，中國生活在世界銀行設定的每日1美元貧困線下的人口增加了幾億人。
Robert Zoellick, the World Bank’s preseident said he was “not drawing any policy conclusions” about the new estimates, which suggest that there are hundreds of millions more Chinese living on the World’s Bank’s poverty line of less than $1 a day.
佐利克表示：“在依據這些統計資料做出結論時，我們必須小心謹慎。”但他補充道，這些資料“可以幫助中國領導人完善其開發工作”。 ”We must be careful about drawing conclusions about poverty from these statistics”, he said but added that the figures ”could help Chinese leaders refine their development work.”
不過，如果中國沒有以前預想的那樣富有，這可能意味著，那些將中國視為政治和經濟威脅的美國政策制定者可以放鬆了。
Nevertheless, if China is less wealthy than previously thought, it could mean that those US policymakers who regard it as a political and economic threat, can relax.
例如，美國政府問責局(US Government Accountability Office)今年曾利用舊的估算資料報告稱，按照購買力平價計算的中國經濟規模最早可能在2012年就會超過美國。中國經濟規模的調整資料顯示，中國的軍事或經濟實力還要過很多年才能與美國匹敵。
For example, the US Government Accountability Office using the old estimates, reported this year that China’s economy in PPP terms would be larger than the US by 2012. The recalibration of China’s economy suggests it will be many more years yet before China can rival the US in military or economic terms.
世界銀行表示，中國經濟規模的收縮，是因為過去根據可靠度較低資料進行的估算，誇大了中國經濟規模。這是中國首次參與世界銀行的國際比較計劃(International Comparison Program)，也是印度自1985年以來首次參與這一計劃。
The World Bank said the shrinking of China’s economy was due to exaggerated estimates based on less reliable data in the past. It was the first time that China had participated in the World Bank’s International Comparison Program and the first time since 1985 that India had participated.
世界銀行統計資料顯示，印度的經濟規模也縮減了40%，為全球第四大經濟體，佔世界產出的4%。
India’s economy also shrank by 40 per cent, according to the the tables, which ranked it the world’s fourth largest economy, accounting for 4 per cent of output.
