復合句——副詞性(狀語)從句
副詞在句中起狀語作用，故如果起狀語作用的部分為一個句子，那麼該句便是副詞性從句，也稱狀語從句。狀語從句可細分為：時間、地點、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結果、比較、方式等。
狀語從句的測試重點為：考查考生對主從句之間邏輯意義關係的把握，看其是否能選擇正確的從屬連詞。
1.條件狀語從句的常考知識點
(1)if與unless的用法。 if和unless都是引導條件狀語從句的`連詞，考生應尤其注意unless的用法，因為它表示反面條件，相當於if not“如果不”、“除非”。如：In debating, one must correct the opponent’s facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, if relevant, is sufficient.
(2)複合連詞as long as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；動詞及分詞provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引導條件狀語從句。如：
You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train.
Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test.
In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果……)
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank. (如果……)
Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如……)?Say it were true, what would you do about it??(假如……)
(3)祈使句表示條件。如：Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold.
Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.
2.讓步狀語從句的常考知識點
(1)as 引導讓步從句，要求用倒裝結構，把強調的部分置於句首。如： Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.
(2)while引導讓步從句。如:
Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldn’t cheat under any circumstances.
(3)複合連線詞for all that和分詞granting/granted(that)引導讓步從句。如:
Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.
For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldn’t be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.
3.時間狀語從句的常考知識點
(1)before表示漢語的 “只有/必須……才能”。如:?New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.
(2)when引導時間從句時，如果出現在後半句，則表示“這/那時突然”。如：
I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.
(3)when it comes to 是習慣用法，意為“當談到……時”。如：
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.
(4)名詞短語、介詞短語each /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time起連詞作用。如:
I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.
My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.
(5)副詞directly, immediately, instantly, now引導時間從句, 相當於as soon as。如:
The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
4.原因狀語從句的常考知識點
(1)in that引導原因從句時,有時翻譯成“是因為”、“就在於”。如:
Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.
(2)now that表示 “既然” ; seeing that, considering表示“鑑於”、“考慮到”。如:
Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.
He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.
Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don’t think you can stop her.
其他引導原因狀語從句的連線詞語還有: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as等。
e, whereas 引導對比從句
如: While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade, violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.
A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.
…that…, with the result that, so much so that 引導結果狀語從句
如: Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.
He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.
order that, in case, for fear that, lest (用虛擬語氣) 引導目的狀語從句
如: Give me your telephone number, in case I need your help.
Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.
e作為連線副詞的一種用法, 翻譯為“在……地方”
如: In Japan, a person’s capabilities are not forced into an inflexible specialty. Where there is willingness and intelligence, there is a place within the company to try and to succeed.
