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國中英語定語從句專項語法的指導

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下面是對定語從句的概念、定語從句的關係詞、關係副詞的用法、定語從句的分類及關係代詞的用法的介紹。供同學們參考。

國中英語定語從句專項語法的指導

一、定語從句的概念

在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。

二、定語從句的關係詞

引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞,常見的關係代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關係副詞包括where, when, why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連線作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

三、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關係,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關係代詞的用法

1. that 既可以用於指人,也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

h用於指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位於火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

, whom用於指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關係代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞片語中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的後面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關係詞只能用that的情況:

a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高階時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店裡有什麼東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d. 先行詞裡同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重複,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關係詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?

b.關係代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關係副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什麼上學總遲到。

單項填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

A. which B. in which C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where B. which C. that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A. that you bought B. you bought it

C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees B. who agree

C. who agrees D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that B. which C. where D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

Ⅱ. 用適當的關係代詞that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

參考答案:

I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD

Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that

通過上述的講解再對下面的習題進行練習,以鞏固自己所學到的東西。

國中英語語法大全:動詞的種類

關於英語中動詞的種類知識,希望同學們很好的掌握下面的內容學習。

動詞的種類

動詞是表示動作或狀態的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞,連繫動詞,助動詞和情態動詞。

1.行為動詞

行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi),及物動詞表示動作或狀態,有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,後跟賓語;不及物動詞表示動作或狀態,有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,但後面不能直接跟賓語,如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構成短語。

如:

More and more people study English.(vt)

The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)

2.連繫動詞

連繫動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。常用的連繫動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。

如:

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

It feels damp.

3.助動詞

助動詞本身無詞義,不能單獨作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示否定,疑問及動詞的時態、語態、人稱和數等語法特徵,助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。

如:

How do you usually come to school?

The children are playing yo-yo now.

4.情態動詞

情態動詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞原形一起構成謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情態。情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。情態動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。

如:

Can I help you?

- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .

a. can與be able to的用法有所區別。can只用於一般現在時和過去時,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用於各種時態均可,指須經過努力而"能"。

b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為"必須",只用於一般現在時和一般將來時;have/has to表示客觀需要,意為"不得不",它可用於各種時態。

c.need和dare既可作情態動詞也可作行為動詞。

以上對動詞的種類知識的內容講解學習,相信同學們已經能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學們在考試中取得很好的成績。

國中英語語法大全:動詞不定式的形式

對於英語的學習中,關於動詞不定式的形式知識點的內容,我們做下面的講解學習哦。

動詞不定式的形式

1.作主語。 如:

To learn English is very important.

但實際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語,而將不定式移至謂語動詞後作真正的主語。

如上句可表達為:

It's very important to learn English.

2.作表語。 如:

My idea is to ring him up at once.

3.作賓語。 如:

I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.

4.作賓語補足語。

a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞後面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

如: The policemen asked him to get off the bus.

b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞後接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

如: We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.

c. let, make, have這些使役動詞後接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。

如: In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.

d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語,可帶to也可不帶to。

如: Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?

5.作定語。

a.與被修飾詞有動賓關係。如:I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞,後面的介詞千萬不要省略。

如: Maybe they have three rooms to live in.

b.與被修飾詞有主謂關係。

如: Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.

c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關係。

如: I have no time to play cards.

6.作狀語,表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結果等。

如: I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.

7.不定式複合結構"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時,常用"It is +adj+ for

of sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,

right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."

其他形容詞用 for。

如:

It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.

It's very kind of you to help me.

8.動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。

如: I don't know when to start.

He didn't tell me where to go.

但上面結構相當於一個從句,故上述句子也可表達為:

I don't know when we'll start.

He didn't tell me where he would go.

注意:

a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式,只能接動詞的-ing形式。

如: enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。

如: The peasants are busy picking apples.

Would you mind my opening the door?

b.有些動詞後可接不定式,也可接動詞的-ing形式,但意思不同。

如: Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)

Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經寄過信了)

They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)

They stopped singing.(停止正在做的`工作)

希望上面對動詞不定式的形式知識的內容講解學習,同學們都能很好的掌握,相信同學們會取得很好的成績的哦。

國中英語語法大全:短語動詞的四種類型

同學們認真學習,下面是老師對短語動詞的四種類型知識總結。

短語動詞的四種類型

動詞與介詞、副詞等構成的固定短語,叫短語動詞。主要有四類:

一、動詞+副詞

有的一般不跟賓語,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。

注意:賓語是名詞時,放在副詞前面或後面都可以,但若作賓語的是人稱代詞時,就只能放在動詞和副詞之間了。如:

We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會議推遲。

We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說put off it)

二、動詞+介詞

如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。後面必須接賓語。如:

I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。

三、動詞+副詞+介詞

如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:

She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。

四、動詞+名詞+介詞

如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻等。如:

Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時候,你要照顧好你弟弟。

希望上面老師對短語動詞的四種類型知識的講解學習,同學們都能很好的掌握,相信同學們會學習的很好的哦。

國中英語語法大全:及物動詞與不及物動詞

關於英語中及物動詞與不及物動詞的知識學習,我們做下面的內容講解。

及物動詞與不及物動詞

根據其後是否帶賓語,動詞可分為及物動詞(帶賓語)和不及物動詞(不帶賓語)。如:

When will he arrive? 他什麼時候到?(arrive 不帶賓語,為不及物動詞)

He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。(reach 帶了賓語,為及物動詞)

有的動詞既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞:

The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。(不及物用法)

The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。(及物用法)

He is writing. 他在寫字。(不及物用法)

He is writing a letter. 他在寫信。(及物用法)

The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。 (不及物用法)

The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜誌。(及物用法)

上面對及物動詞與不及物動詞知識的內容講解學習,希望給同學們的學習很好的幫助,相信同學們會學習的更好的吧。

國中英語語法大全:實義動詞與非實義動詞

下面是對英語中實義動詞與非實義動詞知識的內容講解,希望同學們很好的掌握。

實義動詞與非實義動詞

根據其含義和句子功用,動詞可分為實義動詞和非實義動詞(包括時態助動詞和情態助動詞等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實義動詞)

He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時態助動詞,read為實意動詞)

He should read the story book. 他應該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態助動詞,red為實義動詞)

上面對實義動詞與非實義動詞知識的內容講解學習,相信同學們已經能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學們考試成功。