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全國公共英語三級常見語法解析

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全國公共英語三級常見語法解析

一、一般將來時:

1、be to+動詞原形:表示安排或計劃好了的動作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.

2、be about to+動詞原形:表示即將發生的動作。例:The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。

3、一些表示動作趨勢,如開始、終結,以及一些表示動作方向,如往來的動詞,常常用現在進行時態表示按照安排將於將來發生的事情,這類動詞常見的有如:start,go,leave,come,arrive等。例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動身去北京。

二、一般現在時:

1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的時間狀語從句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的條件狀語從句常常用一般現在時態表示將來的動作,而主句則用一般將來時態。

例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.

2、當表示普遍的真理或者眾所周知的客觀事實,常常用一般現在時態。例:The earth is round. 地球是圓的。

 三、一般過去時:區分三個短語的用法:

1、used to do sth:過去常常做某事。

2、be/get used to doing sth:習慣做某事。

3、be used to do sth:被用於做某事。

 四、進行時態:

重點區分when和while引起的時間狀語的用法。

When表示時間上的點,在考試中其引導的時間狀語從句多翻譯為“這時?”,主句多用進行時態;while引導的時間狀語從句多翻譯為“正當……時”,該從句用進行時態。 例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.

I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.

五、現在完成時:

重點區分have (has) been to:某人去過某地,表示一種經歷,強調狀態,可以和once,twice,often,never,ever連用;

Have (has) gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,強調動作。此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。例:He has gone to America.他已經去了美國。He has been to America twice.他去過美國兩次。

 六、過去完成時:

1、強調一個動作發生在另外一個過去的動作之前時,用過去完成時。

2、It was the first/second/last time that? 在該句型,that從句用過去完成時態。

七、將來完成時:

常常標誌性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一個表示將來時間段的時間狀語,主句用將來完成時態。

八、感官動詞的用法及其被動語態:

英語中,常見的感官動詞有“五看二聽一感覺”(see、watch、look、notice、observe;hear、listen to、feel),在主動語態中用動詞原形或現在分詞作賓補,如see sb do/doing sth,改為被動語態時則要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.

九、使役動詞的用法及其被動語態:

在英語中,常見的使役動詞有make、let、have,在主動語態中用動詞原形做賓補,如make sb do sth,改為被動語態時則要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 兩種形式都表示使/讓某人做某事的意思。例:We were made to study hardy.我們被要求努力學習。

十、英語中常考的句式結構一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主語為物)例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。

 十一、英語中常考的句式結構二:have/get sth done 請/讓別人做某事(have/get後接賓語為物)

例:I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五、情態動詞的被動語態,其構成為:情態動詞+be+過去動詞。例:The work must be finished before lunch. 這項工作必須在午飯前幹完。

 十二、情態動詞用於對現在內容推測的常見句型有:

1、Can/may do sth:表示對現在內容的可能性的推測;

2、Must do sth:表示對現在內容的肯定性的推測。

 十三、情態動詞用於對過去內容推薦的常見句型:

1、can/may have done sth:表示對過去內容的可能性;

2、must have done sth:表示對過去內容的肯定性的推測。

例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.

2、I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

十三、虛擬語氣的基本內容

根據虛擬與其這種與事實相反的假設所對應的時間不同,虛擬語氣的if虛擬條件從句與主句的謂語動詞分別有三類構成形式:

假設型別If虛擬條件從句

主句與現在事實相反 Did/were Would/should do 與過去事實相反 Had done Would/should have done 與將來事實可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do

例:1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.

2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money

would have been lost

3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.