謂語動詞指在句子中充當謂語的動詞,有行為動詞,系動詞,情態動詞和助動詞等幾種,其中行為動詞又包括及物動詞和不及物動詞。 謂語動詞是與非謂語動詞相對應的概念.兩者都是動詞,但是前者是作謂語成分,後者不能作謂語成分.而謂語成分就是用來說明主語的動作或狀態的,一般由動詞或短語動詞承擔.
一、 謂語動詞的主謂一致
①、主謂分割原則
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析:C錯,應改為symbolizes。主語謂語用逗號分割開,主語the bald eagle為單數,謂語動詞也應該用單數形式。
②、與後者一致原則
not…but, 強調but後面的名詞,
not only…but also
③、與前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+複數名詞,謂語用is,
中心詞在前面,謂語動詞應該與前面的名詞保持一致
例:The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析:D錯,與謂語動詞與the athlete 保持一致,改為is
④、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數名詞+or+複數名詞+are
如果把句子變為一般疑問句,也就是把be動詞提到前面,那麼變為is
所以注意一點: 如果是陳述句,靠後面近,用複數
如果是疑問句,靠前面近,用單數
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為and。從謂語動詞是複數形式判斷,主語應該為複數,or連線兩個名詞時動詞和後面的名詞保持一致,behavior是用單數形式,因此只有改為並列連詞and才能使主謂在數上保持一致。
⑤定語從句主語就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是複數,因此從句謂語動詞是複數。
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析:D錯,應改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語a supply為單數,其謂語動詞應為單數形式。
⑥the +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類人,應該用複數
⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況:
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞,那麼最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞,名詞其實是主語,所以be和名詞保持一致
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析:there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式,society當然用單數,A錯,there are 改為there is
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析:倒裝句,are改為is
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析:D錯,應改為films , 主語實際上是名詞,應該與謂語動詞保持一致。
⑧、百分比結構的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語動詞的形式和百分比多少沒有關係,主要取決於後面的名詞,比如:
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這裡要強調兩個結構
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數名詞 + are
most of + 不可數名詞+ is
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析:C錯,應改為have been。介詞of的賓語為複數名詞短語,作主語的.中心詞half當然表複數,相應的謂語動詞應為複數形式。
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為packages。從謂語動詞用複數形式判斷出主語是複數名詞。注意food用複數表示不同種類的食品,beverage用複數表示不同種類的飲料,故(C)、(D)均沒有錯
二、謂語動詞的時態
①、主要考察時間狀語
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析:Metal, aluminum同位語,in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過去時間的狀語, 因此應該用過去時態,把has been改為was