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小升中英語必備知識點大綱

小升中 閱讀(7.91K)

1現在進行時

小升中英語必備知識點大綱

表示正在發生的事情或進行的動作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結構是主語+be動詞(am, is, are)+動詞ing.

如:It is raining now.

外面正在下雨

It is six oclock now.

現在6點了

My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

我父母正在客廳看報紙

Look! The children are having a running race now.

看!孩子們正在賽跑

問句將be動詞移前,否定句在be動詞後+not.

2一般現在時

表示經常反覆發生的事情或動作,常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等詞連用。

結構是主語+動詞原形;當主語為第三人稱單數即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時,動詞後加s或es.

如:We have an English lesson every day.

我們每天都要上英語

Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

男孩比女孩跑的快嗎?是的

問句藉助於do, does否定句藉助於dont, doesnt,後面動詞一定要還原。

3一般過去時

表示發生在過去的事情或存在的狀態,常與just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。

結構是主語+be動詞的過去式(was; were)或主語+動詞的過去式。

注意:be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時使用。

如:My earphones were on the ground just now.

我的耳機剛剛還在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

你上個星期去哪了?我去野營了

What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

你昨天去幹嘛了?我去參觀農場了。

問句有be動詞將be動詞移前,沒有be動詞藉助於did,後面動詞還原;

否定句有be動詞在後面加not,沒有藉助於didnt後面動詞還原。

4一般將來時

表示將要打算髮生的事情或動作,常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等詞連用。結構是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。

如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

你明天要去幹嘛?我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

孩子們下個星期將參加運動會。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。

問句將be動詞或will移前;否定句在be動詞或will後加not.

5情態動詞

can; can should; shouldn must; may後一定加動詞原形。

如:The girl cant swim, but he can skate.

女孩不會游泳,但是會滑冰

Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

不要再課上說話,你應該認真聽老師講。

6祈使句

肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以dont加動詞原形開頭。

如:Open the box for me ,please.

請為我開啟盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

劉濤,明天請早點起床!

Dont walk on the grass!

不要在草地上走!

Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.

海倫!不要爬樹。

7go的用法

去幹嘛用go +動詞ing

如: go swimming; go fishing;

go skating;

go camping;

go running;

go skiing;

go rowing

8比較

than 前用比較級;asas之間用原級。

如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

劉濤跳得和本一樣遠。

9喜歡做某事

用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。

如: Su Yang likes growing flowers.

蘇陽喜歡種花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

孩子們喜歡在春節去玩花燈。

10想要做某事

用 would like +to+動原或want + to +動原。

例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

11some

用於肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當表示委婉語氣時仍用

如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

12代詞

人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。

賓格做賓語用,一般放在動詞或介詞後

如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。

賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。

形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨使用,分別是my your his her its our your their

名詞性物主代詞相當於形物加名詞,它只能單獨使用後面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

13介詞

介詞後要麼不加動詞,加動詞只能加動詞ing形式

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping;

14時間介詞

季節前,月份前用介詞in

如:in summer;in March

具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在幾點鐘前用介詞at

如: at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

但在夜間用at night。

另:季節,月份和星期前不好加the.

15名詞複數構成的方法

有規則的有:

(1)直接在名詞後加s

如orangeoranges; photophotos;

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結尾的加es

如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach--peaches

(3) 以子音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;

(4)以f, fe結尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以o結尾的我們學過的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其餘加s,)

不規則的有:

man womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren

16動詞第三人稱單數的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加s

如:run dancedances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o結尾的加es

如:dogowashwashes;catchcatches

(3)以子音字母加y結尾的改y為i加es

如:studystudies; carrycarries;

17現在分詞的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加ing

如:singsinging; skiskiing;

(2)雙寫詞尾加ing

如:swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;

(3)以不發音的e結尾的去e加ing

如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;

18規則動詞過去式的構成

(1)直接在動詞後加ed

如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;

(2)以e結尾的直接加d

如:dancedanced; tastetasted;

(3) 以子音字母加y結尾的改y為i加ed

如:studystudied;carrycarried;

(4)雙寫詞尾加ed

如:stopstopped; jogjogged;

不規則的有:am,is are do,does have,has go meet sit see get tell run come stealstole; read

19形容詞副詞比較級的構成

規則的:

(1)直接在形容詞或副詞後加er

如;smallsmaller; lowlower;

(2)以e結尾的加r

如:latelarer;

(3)雙寫詞尾加er

如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;

(4) 以子音字母加y結尾的改y為i加er

如:heavyheavier; earlyearlier;

不規則的有:

good, wellbetter(最高階為best); many, much--- more(最高階為most);

far---farther;

20rain與snow的用法

(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數名詞

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:

動詞原形rain, snow;

第三人稱單數rains ,snows;

現在分詞raining; snowing

過去式rained; snowed;

如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家裡。

21比較級

注意只有同類事物才可進行比較。

如:My eyes are bigger than school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.

22have, has

表示某人有(has用於第三人稱單數);There is/ are;

There was/ were 表示某地存在有

注意There be 句型的就近原則

單數或不可數用there is /was;

複數用there are/ were.

23本身就是複數的詞

眼鏡glasses; 耳機earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是複數。

如:My glasses were on the chair just now.

但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時候用單數

如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

24五個母音字母:Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

25一個的用法

a用於子音前不是子音字母前;an 用於母音前不是母音字母前。

如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.

26時間表示法

有兩種:

(1)直接讀時鐘和分鐘。

如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;

(2)用to與past表示。

在半小時包括半小時以內用幾分past幾點

如:6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;

過了半小時用下一個鐘點差幾分

如7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;

27基數詞變序數詞的.方法

基變序有規律,結尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,結尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigheighth; nineninth; five-- fifth ;twelvetwelfth);

ty改y為ie後加th別忘記(即整十數如twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);

幾十幾十位為基個位為序(如第二十一為twenty-first)。

另外強調序數詞前一定要加the。

28日期的表示法

用the+序數詞+ of +月

如:三月三日 the third of March;

12月25日 the 25th of December.

29both 表示兩者都

如:My parents are both teachers.

all表示三者以上都

如:The students are all very excited.

30節日的表示法

有day的節日前用on.

沒有day的節日前用at,

如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.

31激動興奮的

excited表示激動的,興奮地主語是人;

exciting表示令人激動的,令人興奮的主語是事情

如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

賽跑非常令人激動,因此所有的學生都很激動。

32比較

兩者比較用比較級,三者以上比較用最高階

如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩?男孩。

Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

你最喜歡哪個季節?我最喜歡秋天。

Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

你更喜歡哪個季節,夏天還是冬天?我更喜歡冬天。

33動詞還原的用法

前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt後面動詞要還原。

如:Did she watch TV last night?

Helen doesnt like taking photos.

34到了

到達用get to

但注意到家,到這兒,到那兒不可以加to

如:get home; get here; get there,

另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。

35長著和穿著

長著什麼用with

如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

穿著什麼用in

如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女

36讓某人做某事

用let sb後加動詞原形

如:Lets water the flowers together.

是該做的時候了用Its time for+名詞或Its time to +動原。

幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth

如:幫我學英語是 help me with my English

37樹上

外來的東西在樹上用in the tree

如:the bird in the tree;

樹上長的用on the tree

如:the apples on the tree

38運動和樂器

球類之前不加the;

樂器之前必須加the

如:play the piano; play football

39一週中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一個月是January

40get後加比較級表示變得更怎麼樣

如:get stronger; get longer