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定語從句that的用法

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導語:先行詞有the only, the very修飾時,只用that.下面是小編給大家整理的定語從句that的用法的相關內容,希望能給你帶來幫助!

定語從句that的用法

 (一)定語從句that的用法

that常用作關係代詞,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物時有的時候可用which替換that,指人時可用who替換。但在下列情況下,一般用that。

 一、that指代某物事時

1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時。如:

We'll do allthatwe can to protect the endangered plants and animals.

我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護那些瀕危的動植物。

There is muchthatI wan to tell you.

我有很多想要告訴你的話。

Is there anythingthatI can do for you?

有什麼我可以幫你的嗎?

2.先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時。如:

You can borrow any bookthatyou want to read in our school library.

在我們圖書館,你可以借任何你想讀的書。

3.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時。如:

This is the most beautiful citythatI've ever seen.

這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。

4.先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last等修飾時。如:

This is the very factorythatthey visited last summer holiday.

這恰好是他們去年參觀的那個工廠。

This is the only painting in this stylethatwe have.

這種風格的畫我們僅有一幅。

5.先行詞是並列結構,既有人又有物時。如:

He talked happily of the writer and his booksthatinterested him.

6.先行詞前有the same修飾,表示和先行詞是同一物時。如:

This is the same pursethatI lost yesterday.

這就是我昨天丟的那個錢夾。

注:如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物,則用the same…as….如:

This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

這個錢夾和我昨天丟的那個一樣。

7.先行詞為數詞時。

Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the twothatyou bought me for my birthday.

瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時你買的那兩本。

8.如果which引導的定語從句中又含有一個定語從句,為避免重複,第二個定語從句用that。如:

They built a factory which produced thingsthathad never been seen.

他們建了一工廠,生產以前從未見過的東西。

9.以which作主語開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重複,定語從句用that。如。

Which is the busthatyou will take?

你要乘的是哪一班車?

10.關係代詞在定語從句中作表語時,而且通常省略。如:

My hometown is no longer the placethatit used to be.

我的家鄉再也不是以前那個樣子了。

11.關係代詞在there be句型中作主語時,而且常可以省略。如:

This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

這是有史以來最快的列車。

 二、that指代某人時。

1.泛指某人時。如:

He is a manthatis never at a loss.

他是一個從未一籌莫展的人。

2.主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重複時。如:

Who is the personthatis talking with our headmaster?

和我們校長說話的那人是誰?

3.先行詞前有the same時。如:

This is the same manthatgave us a talk last year.

這和去年給我們作報告的是同一人。

4.關係代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如:

He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

另外,that也可用作關係副詞,表示時間、地點、原因和方式,在口語中可以用來代替when, where, why引導的定語從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時,可用that作關係副詞引導定語從句。如:

I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

我永遠不會忘記我入團的那一天。

Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

這就是他們開會遲到的原因嗎?

We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.

我們想找一個我們能野餐的地方。

This is the first timethatI have been abroad for traveling.

這是我第一次到國外去旅遊。

(注:先行詞是time,前面有序數詞或last修飾時,常用that引導定語從句或者省略。)

當先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時,可用that引導定語從句,that常可以省略。

I don't the way you speak to her.

我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。

(二)特殊情況:

只能用that的情況,

先行詞為everything,all,little,much等不定代詞時;

先行詞被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修飾時;

先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時;

先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時;

先行詞是be的表語或there be 的主語時;

先行詞有人又有物時;

當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。

不能用that的情況

介詞前置時;

非限定性定語從句中

先行詞本身是that

多用who,不用that的情況

先行詞為anyone,one,ones時;

先行詞為those,he和people時;

這些詞代替指人,whom在定語從句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略,who作賓語變為whom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在從句中所起作用如下:

(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

(2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見到的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 剛剛和你說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師。(whom在從句中作賓語)

注:who在定語從句中指人,作主語和賓語,作賓語時可省略;做及物動詞或介詞的賓語,可省略。

2,which,that 用來指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)

(用作主語、賓語,作賓語時可以省略),例如:

(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在從句中作主語)

(2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那個包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語)

注:which在定語從句中指物,可作主語或及物動詞或介詞的`賓語,作賓語時可省略;that在定語從句中既可指人又可指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語和表語,作賓語時可省略,指人時,相當於who或whom,指物時,相當於which,作介詞賓語時,介詞不可提到that前,當介詞提前時,需要用which或whom來代替。

2、whose

(只用作定語)

“whose”表示誰(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)

例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.雙親都死了的孩子叫做孤兒。(“whose parents”表示那個孩子的雙親)

He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那個房子的窗戶是朝南的。(“whose”表示那個房子的窗戶)

關係代詞:在句中作主語、賓語或定語。

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語可省略“that”在從句中作賓語時常可省略關係詞,“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

2.如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關係代詞which的前面,但有的則放在它前面的位置。

3. 代表物時的that常被省略;

c)被形容詞最高階修飾時;既有人又有物時;

e)整個句中前面已有“which”,“why”時。

 (三)特定選擇

關係詞

  1、只用that不用which

1)當先行詞是序數詞或被序數詞、最高階,關係詞用that。

2)當先行詞既有人又有物時,用that。

3)當先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時,用that。

4)當主句中有who或which時,為避免重複用that。

5)當先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時用that。

 2、只用who不用that

1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時用who

2)當先行詞指人並含有較長的後置定語從句或在被分割的定語從句中時。

3、只用which不用that

1)當主句先行詞後有介詞時,用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。

2)非限定性定語從句,用which。

3) 描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years。

4)those +複數名詞之後,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。

5)先行詞本身是that時,用which。