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定語從句that與who用法區別

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定語從句that與who用法區別

兩者都可用作關係代詞指人,有時可互換,但以下幾點需注意:

1.在all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等詞之後兩者都可用,但以用that較普通。如:

All that [who] heard him were delighted.所有聽了他講話的人都很高興。

Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris?你遇見過到過巴黎的人嗎?

2.在序數詞、形容詞最高階以及the only, the same, the very等之後兩者都可用,但以用that較普通。如:

Newton was one of the greatest men that [who] ever lived.牛頓是世界上最偉大的人物之一。

He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我們中間唯一懂俄語的人。

3.引導非限制性定語從句時,通常只用who。如:

Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term.史密斯夫人很有教學經驗,她下個學期將來與我們一道工作。

4.但是在下列情況,通常只用that():

①當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的並列片語時。如:

I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.我就我在國外所見到的人和事作了報告。

②當先行詞是who時(為避免重複)。如:

Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?有同情心的人誰會在那個時候發笑呢?

③當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略)。如:

Tom is not the boy (that) he was.湯姆這孩子已不是以前那個湯姆了。

關係代詞that用法

that常用作關係代詞,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物時有的時候可用which替換that,指人時可用who替換。但在下列情況下,一般用that。

一、that指代某物事時

1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時。如:

(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.

我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護那些瀕危的動植物。

(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.

我有很多想要告訴你的話。

(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?

有什麼我可以幫你的嗎?

2.先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時。如:

(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

在我們圖書館,你可以借任何你想讀的書。

3.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高階修飾時。如:

(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。

4.先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last等修飾時。如:

(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.

這恰好是他們去年參觀的那個工廠。

(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.

這種風格的畫我們僅有一幅。

5.先行詞是並列結構,既有人又有物時。如:

(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.

6.先行詞前有the same修飾,表示和先行詞是同一物時。如:

(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

這就是我昨天丟的那個錢夾。

注:如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物,則用the same…as….如:

(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

這個錢夾和我昨天丟的那個一樣。

7.先行詞為數詞時。

(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.

瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時你買的那兩本。

8.如果which引導的定語從句中又含有一個定語從句,為避免重複,第二個定語從句用that。如:

(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.

他們建了一工廠,生產以前從未見過的東西。

9.以which作主語開頭的.特殊問句,為了避免重複,定語從句用that。如。

(13)Which is the bus that you will take?

你要乘的是哪一班車?

10.關係代詞在定語從句中作表語時,而且通常省略。如:

(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

我的家鄉再也不是以前那個樣子了。

11.關係代詞在there be句型中作主語時,而且常可以省略。如:

(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

這是有史以來最快的列車。

二、that指代某人時。

1.泛指某人時。如:

(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.

他是一個從未一籌莫展的人。

2.主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句,為了避免重複時。如:

(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

和我們校長說話的那人是誰?

3.先行詞前有the same時。如:

(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

這和去年給我們作報告的是同一人。

4.關係代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如:

(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

另外,that也可用作關係副詞,表示時間、地點、原因和方式,在口語中可以用來代替when, where, why引導的定語從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時,可用that作關係副詞引導定語從句。如:

(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

我永遠不會忘記我入團的那一天。

(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

這就是他們開會遲到的原因嗎?

(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.

我們想找一個我們能野餐的地方。

(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.

這是我第一次到國外去旅遊。

(注:先行詞是time,前面有序數詞或last修飾時,常用that引導定語從句或者省略。)

當先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時,可用that引導定語從句, that常可以省略。

(24)I don't the way you speak to her.

我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。