當前位置:才華齋>範例>校園>

考研英語閱讀如何準確定位答案

校園 閱讀(2.81W)

考研英語閱讀題量大,做題時間有限,讀完文章後我們需要快速的定位答案,必要的閱讀技巧是不可少的。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語閱讀定位答案的方法,歡迎大家前來閱讀。

考研英語閱讀如何準確定位答案

  考研英語閱讀定位答案的技巧

▶1.首末段重點看

不論是任何的文章型別,都需要認真去讀首段,末段其實是可以選擇性的去看的,前提是末段會不會設題目,或者說當最後一個題目出現的時候最後一段還沒有碰到過,那麼很有可能這個題目的答案就在末段,這型別的題目以態度題居多。而首段要重點看,是不言而喻的。因為只有看完了首段我們才能先入為主的大概瞭解下這篇文章想要告訴我們什麼,或者想要引入什麼主題。

▶2.首段中有轉折

如果有轉折,(轉折關係無非體現在轉折詞上,but, however, yet, though, while等等‘)轉折處多有考察。雖不能說是絕對,但是我們應該明白,思想的表達,觀點的陳述一旦出現轉折,轉折之後就是重點。

▶3.長難句要重點看

在每一篇文章中總是會出現幾個讓大家非常頭疼的又長又難,一眼望不到句號的句子。也許你的心裡在想,這麼難,一句不看不至於影響整篇文章吧。但是不得不告訴大家,對整篇的影響可能的確是不大,可是對於題目的影響會非常大。

經驗告訴大家:有長難句,就會有考題哦。所以平日練就的長難句分析能力就趕緊派上用場了。但是在長難句的分析中,依舊是以主句為主。主句一般是剔除掉修飾之後的成分。比如從句,非謂語結構,介詞短語結構,甚至是形容詞,副詞結構。主句真正體現主要意思。那麼從屬成分就是可以選擇略讀的成分。

▶4.觀點處細看

每篇文章都有5個題目,而在5個題目中可以不誇張的說一定要三個題目是要涉及人物觀點的。那麼大家在回到原文的時候一定是重點細看觀點處。前提是什麼地方就是觀點的體現。簡單說就是有思想的,而非客觀描述的事實。還需注意的是:作者觀點在文章中一把比較隱蔽,那麼沒有人物提到,但很明確是個觀點的體現,就一定是作者的觀點。

那麼對於文中人物觀點的話,有一些關鍵詞:sb argue/ believe/ think/ claim/ deem 等等之後的內容就是觀點句。還有直接引用也屬於觀點句。與觀點不相關的種種都可以省略看。在閱讀文章中最明顯的就是,提及到人物的職位,頭銜,成就等等。

▶5.舉例和例子

閱讀中有一類典型的題目叫做例證題。例證題指的'是例子證明觀點。這在文章的行文中是最常用的手段用來證明作者或者是文中人物想要陳述的或則想要反駁的觀點的。既然是議論文的一種重要的寫作手段,也必定成為出題人比較青睞的考察點。

只要記住例子的出現就是為了觀點的證明。並且這種題目十有八九都是讓大家找到那個觀點,只不過根據例子的範圍不同,它要證明的觀點也有不同的說法。如果例子在開頭,則為了引出下文。如果例子出現在段中則為了證明細節觀點,但是如果例子是整段甚者好幾段,那麼只有一種情況,是為了證明全文中心的。

最後,看文章離不了中心,做題目更離不開中心意思。而文中頻頻出現的詞和意思就是本文的中心。

  考研英語複習作文的技巧

▶1. 主動句變被動句

“英文多被動,漢語多主動”,還需要警惕名詞與動詞之間暗含的“主被動”關係。

Eg1: It is said that …據說/相傳

Eg2:I suggest that … It is suggested that …

Eg3:Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議

Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

Eg5:Students should study hard.

Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

▶2. 簡單句變從句

名詞性從句,含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句

A. 主語從句:

Eg1:What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2:It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)

B.賓語從句:

Eg1:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3:明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表語從句:

Eg1:That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3:In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位語從句

Eg1:(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句,)

Eg2:Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位語句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性質

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入語

Eg1:As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2:All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3:Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4:Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣,具有兩面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定語從句:

步驟:1)先寫出正確簡單句,確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)

2)在中心名詞後加入定從,關係詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1:Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2:I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

▶3. it 句式

A. 形式主語 it is +被動/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …

Eg1:It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

Eg2:It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

Eg3:It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

Eg4:It is useless/useful doing sth.

B. 形式賓語

Eg1:An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

Eg2:An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

Eg3:A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

▶4. 強調句

A. 強調謂語:

Eg1:I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

Eg2:Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

B. 強調句式:It is/was +被強調成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

【步驟】

a. 先寫出正確的簡單句、並列句或複合句,明確單句的各個成分。

b. 在被強調成分(除謂語和補語外)兩邊新增it is/was 和that/who, 其他成分不變,必要時調整順序。

【強調句式特徵】去掉it is/was…that/who結構,整個句子無冗餘或成分殘缺。

Eg1:My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

Eg2:Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

(強調句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

Eg3:The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

▶5. 倒裝

A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位於主語之前或句首,主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

Eg1:I will never agree. Never will I agree.

B. Only +狀語位於句首,主句半倒裝。

Eg1:When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

Eg2:When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

Eg3:By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

倒裝形式

Eg1:Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Eg2:Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

Eg3:Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

▶6.雙重否定:

Eg1:no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

Eg2:A strong will is very important.

The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

Eg3:Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

▶7. Ving/ved 狀語

A. 兩個動作同時發生且主語一致,將次要動作寫成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語,即動作與邏輯主語之間為主動關係時寫成v-ing形式、為被動關係是寫成V-ed形式。

Eg1:I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

Eg2:When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

B.兩個動作主語一致,但前後發生,則可將先發生的動作寫成Having +ved形式。

Eg1:He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

▶8. 排比結構

Eg1:Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

Eg2:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

Eg3:作為一種重要素質,自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰勝困難。

As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

考研英語中應用文寫作,通過模板句型,經典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分數,因為“言簡意賅”就是它的特點。而大作文對於語言表達上的要求要高几個level,只是模式化的文字已經不足以打動考官,需要在原有的結構上進一步創新,讓考官看的跌宕起伏,還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關鍵所在。

  考研英語翻譯提高得分率的方法

▶一、略讀全文

在翻譯過程中,理解是表達的前提,不能正確理解就談不上正確表達。因此,首先要略讀全文,從整體上把握整篇文章的內容,並理解劃線部分與文章其他部分之間的語法與邏輯關係。

▶二、分析劃線部分

在整體理解全文意思的基礎上,還要重點分析劃線部分的結構和意義。

首先,劃線部分一般來說句子結構都比較複雜,如果搞不清楚它的語法結構,是很難做出正確的翻譯的。在分析劃線部分的句子結構時,要注意分清哪是主句,哪是從句;哪是句子的主幹,哪是枝葉。

其次,要理解劃線部分的意義。不僅要弄清句子表面的意義,還要理解句子在特定的語言環境中的意義。還要特別注意句子中的代詞和所指代的意義。

另外,還要特別注意句子中包含的短語和固定結構,因為這往往是考點。

▶三、翻譯

正確理解原文後,接下來就是翻譯。翻譯時,關鍵是綜合運用各種翻譯方法將英文的原意忠實地表達出來。

關於翻譯,有直譯和意譯兩種方法,只是我們很多人都沒有理解直譯和意譯的區別,從我們上面所談的英漢區別可知,不可能存在絕對的直譯,因為畢竟兩種語言相差太大,任何直譯都是經過一定變通之後的直譯,但有的人以為這便是意譯,其實這是錯誤的,意譯一般在文學翻譯中才會出現。

而研究生英語翻譯中,其實只有可能是直譯,不可能是意譯。要做好翻譯,關鍵是要有正確的翻譯意識,前面所說的翻譯技巧可以是必須用的,幾乎每句的翻譯都要綜合的運用各種翻譯技巧。把握了這一點,也就具有了做好英語翻譯題的前提。主要有如下翻譯技巧。

▶1.分譯法。翻譯部分的句子,大多為複雜從句,而漢語中沒有與之一一對應的從句,因此,要翻譯出來讓別人能看懂,就必須將其拆開,分譯成各個單句。

▶2.轉譯法。很多被動語態如果機械的翻成被動語態,可能會讓人看了覺得彆扭,因此需要轉為主動態。此外,還有否定轉譯等各種情況。

▶3.添減詞法。由於英漢兩種語言的差異,在英文看上去比較正常的句子,譯成漢語時,如果不或增或減一些詞可能無法把英文的原意表達出來,這樣就需要適當地運用添減詞法。

▶4.單複數譯法。單複數要譯出。如"birdsinthetree"可譯為"樹上的鳥兒們"。

▶5.時態的譯法。英語中有專門表示時態的句子成分,而漢語則沒有,因此,為準確地翻譯出英語的意思,有時必須加一些表時間的副詞,如"著,了,在"等。

▶6.代詞的譯法。代詞一般需要轉譯成名詞,即把其所指代的意義譯出。

▶7.人名地名的譯法,知道的可以譯出來,不知道就保持原文。

▶四、校核

校核主要有三個方面:一是檢查譯文是否忠實於原文。通過把譯文和原文對照比較往往能發現問題;二是檢查譯文字身是否通順或表達清楚。把譯文通讀一遍,如果覺得讀起來很彆扭或者有歧義,那很有可能是翻譯不通或表達不清楚,適當增減詞或調整語序通常能解決這一問題;三是檢查譯文是否有筆誤,是否有漏洞,是否有代詞未轉譯,時態是否譯出,數字、日期是否譯錯,標點符號是否用錯等。

▶五、英語翻譯策略:

▶1.要有意識地進行長句,複雜句式結構分析的訓練。善於在複雜的句式結構中找出主體結構,特別是主句的主語和謂語,並以此作為句子理解和翻譯的起點。

▶2.善於積累詞彙。特別要注意一詞多義,常見詞一般具有多義性,翻譯時要根據搭配和上下文確定意義,如develop除了"發展"的意思外,還有"形成"的意思。同時要注意一詞多性,特別是名詞、動詞、形容詞三種詞性的互換,平時要有意識地做一些"名詞動譯"、"動詞名譯"等方面的訓練。

▶3.注意詞語的固定搭配。特別注意動詞+介詞、動詞+副詞的搭配,因為此類搭配常常伴有詞義的改變。

▶4.注意同義詞、近義詞、形近詞的區分和辨析。這是提高英語應用能力的必由之路。

▶5.學習並掌握基本的翻譯技巧。

此外,大部分考生做題時還存在一個情況:一邊讀句子,一邊思考每一個單詞分別是什麼漢語意思,在沒有完整理解英語句子的情況下,就直接做了"字字對等"的翻譯,或者在讀完之後,並沒有理解句子,就馬上在自己積累的詞彙中找與看到的英語詞對應的漢語來表達,只要碰到不認識的生詞就束手無策。這樣的譯文,不僅扭曲了英語原文的意思,漢語句子本身也晦澀難懂。所以,提醒考生切勿陷入這種翻譯誤區,要按照上面的策略來準備和複習翻譯試題。

總之,在備考英語翻譯的過程中,考生在不斷積累知識的同時,還要不斷總結思路和方法,逐漸掌握一套屬於自己的答題策略。