2016年全國卷3卷閱讀理解以考查細節題為主，大部分都能從文中找到做題的依據。下面是小編分享的全國3卷真題及答案解析，希望能對大家有所幫助!
第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)
第一節(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，並在答題卡上將該項塗黑。
A
Music
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校園) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference) name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. .
h number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241-2742. B. 723-1182.
C. 381-3300. D. 232-6220.
can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.
e can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.
is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
【答案】
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
1.A細節理解題。根據“opera”定位到第一個活動，第一個活動的聯絡電話是241-2742，故選A。
2.B細節理解題。根據“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二個活動，根據“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活動舉辦時間是3-6月，故選B。
3.C細節理解題。根據“with their I.D. cards”定位到第四個活動中的“Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.”，根據“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故選C。
考點：廣告類短文閱讀
【名師點睛】
閱讀理解中細節理解題的干擾項的設定手法體現在下列幾個原則： 1.包含項原則 在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其它三項(或其中某一項)的理解，那麼我們就說選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關係，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在“花”與“玫瑰”兩選項中，正確答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因為玫瑰肯定是花，但花並不一定是玫瑰。 2.正反項原則 所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。根據形式邏輯排中律知識：兩個相互矛盾的判斷不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在閱讀理解中，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A、B項當中取其一。 3.委婉項原則 所謂委婉，這裡是指說話不能說死，要留有餘地。閱讀理解選項中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有絕對語氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 4.同形項原則 幾個選項如存在形式與結構上的相似，那它們就互為同形項。同形項組可喻為高爾夫球場上的“果嶺”，而正確答案就是果嶺上的“球洞”。命題者往往先將正確答案設定在一個大命題範圍，然後通過語言形式的細微變化來考察考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞彙與句法結構相似的選項一般存在有正確答案。 5.常識項原則 在議論文當中，那些符合一般常識，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般規律，屬於普遍現象的選項往往是正確答案。 6.因果項原則 閱讀理解邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進行的，前因後果，一步步循序漸進。然而，在推理題型的選項中，有的選項會推理不到位(止於前因)，或者推理過頭(止於後果)，這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則規定：假如四個選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關係，那麼正確答案就是這兩個因果項中的其中之一。如果因項可以產生幾個結果，那麼答案就是因項;如果果項可以對應幾個原因，那麼答案就是果項。
B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【答案】
5.A
6.D
7.C
6.D猜測詞義題。劃線的them指代前面提到的人或物，根據“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty寫的小說裡面的故事，聽了Welty和兩個陌生人的有關密西西比的談話之後，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小說裡的故事都是來源於生活，故選D。
7.C推理判斷題。根據“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小說裡的人物並非虛構的，他們都來源於現實的生活，故選C。
考點：故事類短文閱讀
【名師點睛】
猜詞技巧：閱讀理解的測試中經常有猜測詞、短語、習語意義的題目，這些詞、短語、習語要麼是生詞，要麼是熟詞新義，單靠平時積累是不夠的，還要掌握一定的做題技巧。總結如下： (1)根據構詞法(轉化、合成、派生)進行判斷。 (2) 根據文中的定義、解釋猜生詞 ;利用事例或解釋猜生詞;利用重複解釋的資訊猜生詞。 (3)根據上下文的指代關係進行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。第6題就是屬於對指代關係進行判斷。 (4)根據轉折或對比關係進行判斷：根據上下句的連線詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前後句在意義上的差別，從而依據某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。 (5)根據因果關係進行判斷：俗話說，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據原因可以預測結果，根據結果也可以找出原因。 (6)根據同位關係進行判斷：閱讀中有時出現新詞、難詞，後面就跟著一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，有時這種解釋也用連詞“or”連線。 (7)利用標點符號和提示詞猜測詞義。還可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。破折號表示解釋說明。 常見問題形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase??uggests?(3)Fromheassage,eannferhatheord/phrase?theentence??s/referso?means?(4)Theord??slosestneaningo?。還可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。破折號表示解釋說明?
常C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果園) you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【答案】
8.D
9.C
10.B
11.B
【解析】
試題分析：作者向人們介紹了一個節日--Apple Day。由於這個節日翡翠受歡迎，現在已經演變成“蘋果月”了。在英國，人們在十月份慶祝該節日，持續大約一個月的時間。
8.D細節理解題。根據第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，參加相關的慶祝活動的人們可以品嚐各種各樣的蘋果，故選D。
9.C推理判斷題。故選C。
11.B寫作意圖題。根據第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最後一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向讀者介紹了一個節日—Apple Day，並推薦人們參加這個節日，故選B。
考點：生活故事類短文閱讀
【名師點睛】
故事類文章是大學聯考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過敘述突出人物性格特徵或講述個人經歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時間、地點、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發展的經過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略;有些是按時間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。 解題技巧： 1、大學聯考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點，或抨擊某種陋習，或讚揚某種品德，所以要關注作者表達的個人感悟，提出的個人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現文章中心或寫作意圖，屬於必考點。例如第11題，考查寫作意圖。作者向讀者介紹了一個節日—Apple Day，並推薦人們參加有關的活動。 2、該類文章語言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節、人物或事件之間的關係、作者的意圖和態度、故事的前因和後果等方面入手，考查學生對細節的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養自己快速閱讀的習慣。切不可在個別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時間。 3、對整篇短文內容有了一定的瞭解後，要馬上看短文後的問題，帶著問題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查詢的資訊範圍，並注意所查詢資訊的特點。例如：如果問題或選項涉及到人名、地名，就應該找首字母大寫的單詞;如果問題或選項涉及時間、日期、數字，就應該尋找具體的資料。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning now that information is being spread and monitored(監控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消極的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激發) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
