閱讀成績的高低直接影響了託福整體分數的情況，下面是小編整理的託福備考之閱讀高分祕籍介紹，希望對大家有用，更多訊息請關注應屆畢業生網。
作為一種語言測試方式， 托福考試的重點是檢測考生的英語語言水平，如何寫出正確流暢的語言是得到託福寫作單項高分的必備條件。那麼如何才能得到閱讀高分呢?
在TOEFL iBT Official Guide(託福官方指南，以下簡稱OG)中明確指出託福獨立寫作有三大考查維度：Development(展開論點)，Organization(組織文章結構)和Language Use(語言運用)。因此，除了注意作文的內容和結構外，閱卷老師同樣十分注重我們在作文中表現出來的語言基本功。
託福獨立寫作部分對於我們寫作的總體要求是consistent facility in the use of language(語言運用的和諧流暢)，給我們的具體建議是a variety of sentence structures(句子結構多樣)和word choice should be appropriate(措辭貼切得體)，評分者的審查角度是lexical or grammar errors(詞彙和語法錯誤)以及the complexity of sentence structures(句子結構的複雜程度)和the quality and complexity of your vocabulary(考生所使用的詞彙的質量和複雜程度)。接下來李盛老師分別先從語法錯誤、措辭和句子結構三個方面來探討備考過程中應該注意的事項：
1
lexical or grammar errors：
任何一種語言考試都強調語言表達的準確性，在2010年1月之後，ETS在獨立寫作部分中加入了e-rater的評分模式。電腦系統評分無疑對考生的語法詞彙表達的正確性提出了更高的要求。
在2009年1月份ETS釋出的Evaluating the Construct -Coverage of the e-rater? Scoring Engine中，明確指出e-Rater會關注的四大語言層面：Grammar(Proofread this, Ill-formed Verbs, Pronoun Errors, Possessive Errors, Wrong or Missing Words, Sentence Structure包括：Fragments, Run-ons, Garbled Sentences, Subject-verb agreement), Usage(Article Errors, Confused Words, Incorrect Word Forms, Faulty Comparisons, Nonstandard verbs or word forms), Mechanics(Spelling, Capitalization包括Proper Nouns和Sentence-Initial, Punctuation包括Missing Question Marks, Missing Final Punctuation, Missing Comma or Apostrophe和Hyphen Error, Fused Words, Compound Words, Duplicated Words)和Style(Repetition of Words, Inappropriate Words or Phrases, Too Many Sentences Beginning with Conjunction, Too Many Short Sentences, Too Many Long Sentences, Passive Voice)，換句話說，我們要在獨立寫作中避免出現以上的常見的語言表達錯誤，這就需要同學們在平時練習中注意語法的積累。在這裡簡單列舉同學們在寫作句子層面上經常犯的錯誤：
(1)粘連句(Run-ons sentence)
Run-ons sentence指一句話中包含兩個或更多的意思，但這些意思之間沒有用恰當的標點符號或缺乏連線詞等分隔開，這往往由於寫作者不熟悉英語語法表達導致。如：
Students deserve more respect they are young adults.
正確的表達可以是：
Students deserve more respect when/although they are young adults.
(2)逗號連線句(Comma splice)
Comma splice指用逗號連線兩個分句。在英語中，逗號只能表示語氣上的'短暫停頓，不能表示兩個分句間的邏輯關係，如果一句話中有幾個分句，就常常使用連線詞。如：
We are out of money, we decide not to eat out on the weekend.
正確的表達可以是：
We are out of money, so we decide not to eat out on the weekend.
(3)不完整句(Sentence fragment)
Sentence fragment指那些看似一句話，但實際上只是一個句子的一部分結構，往往缺少主語、謂語等基本結構，或是隻有從句沒有主句。如：
Driving in the city during the evening rush hour.
正確的表達可以是：
Driving in the city during the evening rush hour is dangerous.
(4)修飾語位置錯誤(Misplaced modifier)
Misplaced modifier指的是被放錯了位置的修飾語，這種句子不僅會拗口，而且可能引起歧義。如：
At the age of five, my father started to teach me piano.
正確的表達可以是：
My father started to teach me piano when I was five.
(5)並列結構錯誤(Faulty parallelism)
Faulty parallelism指的是在並列結構中所使用的語法結構不一致。如：
People should be judged not only by their words, but also by what they do.
正確的表達可以是：
People should be judged not only by their words, but also by their deeds.
(6)主從句錯誤(Faulty subordination)
Faulty subordination 指的是本該放在主句中的內容放到了從句中，從而使本該收到強調的內容並沒有受到強調。這種錯誤對錶達的準確性上有很大的影響，但很多學生並沒有意識到這個問題，這在thesis statement和主題句中尤為重要。如，在討論面試的問題時，如果我們把thesis statement寫成Interview, which can benefit the modern society a lot, is becoming increasingly popular，很明顯就沒有強調應該強調的內容。這句話應該寫成：Interview, which is becoming increasingly popular, can benefit the modern society a lot.
2
the quality and complexity of your vocabulary
既然OG中要求word choice should be appropriate(措辭貼切得體)，如何才能做到呢?這裡大多數同學都有一個誤解，認為指的就是大量使用TOEFL甚至GRE的詞彙，當然，這些詞彙如果使用的正確固然是好的，但對於大多數同學來說，很多TOEFL/GRE詞彙大家僅僅是認識，對於它們的搭配和感情色彩並不是很清楚，往往會鬧出“今天我含笑九泉”、“我們的班長凡事都首當其衝”之類的笑話。
在託福獨立寫作中什麼樣的詞彙才是appropriate或者說能到的一定的quality and complexity呢?在託福的評卷中，raters一方面會考慮同學們所使用的詞彙的長度和複雜度，一方面會把考試文章中所使用的詞彙表達與語料庫中不同等級的文章進行比較，從而大致判定我們的文字語言水平。因此，平時多去積累高分範文中的表達對於我們提升自己的語言很大的幫助。實際上各位同學能夠熟練使用四級階段的詞彙便能能很好的表達意思，如我們想表達“生活中有很多這樣的例子”，大多數同學第一反應是：There are many similar examples in our daily life.這句話在表達上沒有錯誤，但是如果我們使用四級詞彙中的abound寫成：Life abounds with such examples. 這樣的表達就會更加正式一點。
3
the complexity of sentence structures：
OG中要求做到句子結構多樣，那麼在保證句子表達正確性的基礎上適當去變換句型就可以了。在這裡很多同學又有誤解，認為句子結構多樣指的就是寫長難句，殊不知濫用從句往往會使得語言變得囉嗦。比如說，我們想表達Mary是一個漂亮的女孩子，寫成：Mary is a beautiful girl就可以了，如果偏要寫成：Mary is a girl who is beautiful. 看上去句子變長了，還用上了定語從句，實際上整個句子顯得累贅。我們通過對於獨立寫作高分範文的文字進行分析，可以總結出在高分範文中常見的句式有：
(1)並列句(包括平行結構，...，not also...等句式)
Junk food may cause a person to develop diabetes, to have heart disease, and to gain weight.
The mass media neither gives us the necessary information, nor does it tell us the truth.
We need formal education not only to gain knowledge but also learn social skills.
(2)從句(包括名詞性從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句)
What kind of person you wish to become is more important than what kind of job you will have.
No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
A person who has an optimistic attitude toward his life can endure any hardship.
(3)插入語
After-hours study, if properly managed, holds the key to success in the 21st century.
College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
(4)句子強調(包括強調句式、倒裝句式、否定句式等)
Although friends definitely play a significant role in shaping teenagers' personality, it is the parents and siblings that have a far greater impact on the development of their personality traits.
Only when the heavy and frequent exposure to television is restricted or regulated will the adolescents' life, both bodily and spiritually, be guaranteed.
(5)修飾性問句
If there were no Internet, how could people get various information immediately?
Isn’t that better than worrying about who wins and who loses all the time?
(6)分詞
Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
當然，英語語言的使用更多的來自於同學們日常的積累。背誦單詞並多讀範文對於託福寫作語言的準確使用有著很大的意思。
