金礦的山上還有著其他花朵，除了具備發現的眼睛外，還需要有著肯流汗的心。成功提示：金子常常就埋在身旁的泥土裡。以下是小編為大家搜尋整理的大學英語四級仔細閱讀真題及答案，希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.
I hate tipping.
I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.
Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.
One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.
So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.
46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?
A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.
B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.
D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.
47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?
A) It sets a bad example for other industries.
B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.
C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.
48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?
A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.
B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.
C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.
D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?
A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.
B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.
C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.
D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.
50. What does the author argue for in the passage?
A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.
B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.
C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.
D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?
Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.
The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(補貼) for their consumers.”
But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.
Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.
Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.
Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.
51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.
B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.
C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.
52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?
A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.
B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.
C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.
D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.
53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?
A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.
B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.
C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.
54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?
A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.
B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.
D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.
55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?
A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.
B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.
C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.
46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.
50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.
【答案解析】
46.根據題目中的Bill Perry這個專有名詞，我們可以定位到文中的第一段話。在But後面有提到“我能告訴你我喜歡這個小夥子。因為他打算禁止付小費這種情況，而贊成給服務員實際的工資”。B選項和這句話的含義接近，get rid of意為“擺脫”，和ban“禁止”含義相近;plan to和intend to含義一樣。所以正確答案為B.
47.根據題幹中的關鍵詞the author hates tipping和main reason可以返回原文，定位到第三段。文中說“我討厭它，因為它將義務偽裝成一種選擇。”既然是義務，那必然是強迫顧客去做的事情，這和C選項的含義較為接近。
48.根據關鍵詞many people love tipping返回原文，我們可以定位至第四段。根據文中第二行的You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes.可知，這題應該選擇D選項。
49.文中問的是調查中一些服務員的觀點，這在第五段的最後一句話中有所體現，文中說：一些服務員不認為他們的.工作會受到收到的消費的影響。
50.本題問作者的觀點，切記文中無人認領的觀點便是作者的觀點。在第六段的末尾有提到說，作者支援Bill Perry的觀點，而Bill的觀點就和D選項是近義表達。
參考答案：
51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.
53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
答案解析：
51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.
解析：本題是主旨題，原文第一段表示“過去油價下降總是刺激世界經濟增長，但是即使現在油價下降越來越多，最新對經濟增長的預測卻不容樂觀，這意味著更低的油價和增長之間的關係削弱了嗎?”這第一段點明瞭主題，後面的段落都是在討論油價下降為什麼以前可以刺激經濟增長，而現在卻不再能刺激經濟增長了。可以看出是C是正確答案。
52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.
解析：根據原文第二段 “some experts say there are still good reasons to ... They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy”，可以看出是D正確選項。
53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.
解析：根據原文第三段中“draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies for their consumers”，可以看出C是正確選項。
54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.
解析：根據原文第五段中“the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil”可以看出B是正確選項。
55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.
解析：根據原文第六段中“so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy”，可以看出是C正確選項。
Part Ⅲ Reading Section C(卷二)
Passage One
"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."
Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.
The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.
Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.
Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.
Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that
there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.
did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco.
were profitable to manufacture.
were in ever-increasing demand.
were subject to taxation almost everywhere.
were no longer considered necessities of life.
【答案】C
have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?
are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.
find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.
practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.
sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.
【答案】B
do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?
did not work out as well as was expected.
gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.
could not succeed without German cooperation.
met with firm opposition from the food industry.
【答案】A
is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?
acing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.
ing a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.
sting in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.
sting the physical composition of their products.
【答案】D
does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"(Line 4, Para 7)?
e is no single easy quick solution to the problem.
e is no hope of success without public cooperation.
e is on hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.
e is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.
【答案】A
Passage Two
You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.
Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.
The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.
"Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厭食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.
Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.
In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."
do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?
has caused needless controversy.
is focus of the modeling business.
is but a matter of personal taste.
affects models' health and safety.
【答案】D
are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?
A.A change in the public's view of female beauty.
rnment legislation about models' weight.
ination of forced weight loss by models.
ibition of models eating non-food stuff.
【答案】B
are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models?
contributes to many mental illnesses.
defines the future of the fashion industry.
has great influence on numerous girls and women.
keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway.
【答案】C
54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?
has difficulty hiring models.
has now a new law to follow.
allows girls under 18 on the runway.
has overtaken that of the United States.
【答案】B
55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?
will create a completely new set of rules.
will do better than Paris Fashion Week.
will differ from Paris Fashion Week.
will have models with a higher BMI.
【答案】D
