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感恩節的由來用英語怎麼寫

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每逢感恩節這一天,美國舉國上下熱鬧非常,基督徒按照習俗前往教堂做感恩祈禱,城市鄉鎮到處都有化裝遊行、戲劇表演或體育比賽等。那麼,感恩節的來歷是什麼呢?下面是小編給大家準備的關於感恩節的由來英語介紹,一起來了解一下吧!

感恩節的由來用英語怎麼寫

  【Thanksgiving Day】

thanksgiving day fourth thursday in november almost every culture in the world has held celebrations of thanks for a plentiful harvest. the american thanksgiving holiday began as a feast of thanksgiving in the early days of the american colonies almost four hundred years ago.

in 1620, a boat filled with more than one hundred people sailed across the atlantic ocean to settle in the new world(新大陸). this religious group had begun to question the beliefs of the church of england and they wanted to separate from it. the pilgrims settled in what is now the state of massachusetts. their first winter in the new world was difficult.

they had arrived too late to grow many crops, and without fresh food, half the colony died from disease. the following spring the iroquois indians(美國紐約州東北部易洛魁族印第安人)taught them how to grow corn, a new food for the colonists. they showed them other crops to grow in the unfamiliar soil and how to hunt and fish.

in the autumn of 1621, bountiful crops of corn, barley(大麥), beans and pumpkins were harvested.

the colonists had much to be thankful for, so a feast was planned. they invited the local indian chief and 90 indians. the indians brought deer to roast with the turkeys and other wild game offered by the colonists.

the colonists had learned how to cook cranberries and different kinds of corn and squash dishes from the indians. to this first thanksgiving, the indians had even brought popcorn.

in following years, many of the original colonists celebrated the autumn harvest with a feast of thanks.

after the united states became an independent country, congress recommended one yearly day of thanksgiving for the whole nation to celebrate. george washington suggested the date november 26 as thanksgiving day. then in 1863, at the end of a long and bloody civil war, abraham lincoln asked all americans to set aside the last thursday in november as a day of thanksgiving.

thanksgiving falls on the fourth thursday of november, a different date every year. the president must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. all give thanks together for the good things that they have.

in this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless.

on most tables throughout the united states, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

  【symbols of thanksgiving】

turkey, corn, pumpkins and cranberry sauce(酸果曼沙司)are symbols which represent the first thanksgiving. now all of these symbols are drawn on holiday decorations and greeting cards.

the use of corn meant the survival of the colonies. "indian corn" as a table or door decoration represents the harvest and the fall season.

sweet-sour cranberry sauce, or cranberry jelly, was on the first thanksgiving table and is still served today. the cranberry is a small, sour berry.

it grows in bogs(沼澤), or muddy areas, in massachusetts and other new england states. the indians used the fruit to treat infections. they used the juice to dye their rugs and blankets.

they taught the colonists how to cook the berries with sweetener(甜味佐料)and water to make a sauce. the indians called it "ibimi" which means "bitter berry."

when the colonists saw it, they named it "crane-berry" because the flowers of the berry bent the stalk over, and it resembled the long-necked bird called a crane. the berries are still grown in new england.

in 1988, a thanksgiving ceremony of a different kind took place at the cathedral of st. john the divine. more than four thousand people gathered on thanksgiving night.

among them were native americans representing tribes from all over the country and descendants of people whose ancestors had migrated to the new world.

the ceremony was a public acknowledgment of the indians' role in the first thanksgiving 350 years ago. until recently most schoolchildren believed that the pilgrims cooked the entire thanksgiving feast, and offered it to the indians.

in fact, the feast was planned to thank the indians for teaching them how to cook those foods. without the indians, the first settlers would not have survived.

  【感恩節的由來中文版】

每逢11月第四個星期四,美國人民便迎來了自己最重要的傳統民俗節日——感恩節。這個節日始於1621年。那年秋天,遠涉重洋來到美洲的英國移民,為了感謝上帝賜予的豐收,舉行了3天的狂歡活動。從此,這一習俗就沿續下來,並逐漸風行各地。1863年,美國總統林肯正式宣佈感恩節為國定假日。屆時,家家團聚,舉國同慶,其盛大、熱烈的情形,不亞於中國人過春節。

感恩節的起源,和英國基督教的宗教紛爭有關。大約在公元16世紀末到17世紀,英國清教徒發起了一場來勢猛烈的宗教改革運動,宣佈脫離國教,另立教會,主張清除基督教聖公會內部的殘餘影響。 但是,在17世紀中葉時,保皇議會通過了《信奉國教法》,清教徒開始遭到政府和教會勢力的殘酷迫害,逮捕、酷刑,宗教審判,每時每刻都在威脅著清教徒。被逼無奈,他們只得遷往荷蘭避難。但是,寄人籬下的日子不好過。在荷蘭,清教徒不僅沒能逃脫宗教迫害,而且飽受戰爭帶來的痛苦和折磨。更令他們難以忍受的是,遠在異國他鄉,孩子們受不到"英國式的教育,對故土的感情一天一天地淡薄下去。為了徹底逃脫宗教迫害的魔爪,為下一代保留住祖國的語言和傳統,他們再一次想到大遷徒。

天下雖大,何處是這群天涯淪落人的歸宿呢?想來想去,他們把目光投向了美洲。哥倫布在100多年前發現的這塊"新大陸",地域遼闊,物產富饒,而且有很多地方還是沒有國王。沒有議會、沒有劊子手、未開發的處女地。"海闊憑魚躍,天高任烏飛。"只有在這樣的地方,他們才能輕輕鬆鬆地生活,自由自在地信奉、傳播自己所喜歡的宗教,開拓出一塊屬於清教徒的人間樂園。

於是,清教徒的著名領袖佈雷德福召集了102名同伴,在1620年9月,登上了一艘重180噸,長90英尺的木製帆船——五月花號,開始了哥倫布遠征式的冒險航行。對於航海來說,這艘有著浪漫名稱的船隻未免太小了。由於形勢所迫,他們"選擇"的,又是一年中最糟的渡洋季節。不過,懷著對未來的美好憧憬,為了找回失去的權利和自由,這群飽經憂患的人已經不顧一切了。

海上風急浪高,五月花號就像狂風暴雨中的一片樹葉,艱難地向前漂泊著,幾乎隨時都有船毀人亡的危險。但在大家的共同努力下,船隻沒有遇到任何損害,並在航行了66天后,於11月21 日安抵北美大陸的科德角,即今天美國馬薩諸塞州普羅文斯敦港。稍事休整後,五月花號繼續沿海岸線前進。由於逆風和時差,它沒有能到達預定的目的地——弗吉尼亞的詹姆斯敦,反而在聖誕節後的第一天,把他們送上了新英格蘭的土地。

有意思的是,在這次充滿危險的遠征中,所有探險者只有一人死亡。但由於旅途中誕生了一名嬰兒,使到達美洲的人不多不少,仍然是102名。移民都是虔誠的教徒,無不手劃十字,衷心感謝上帝的眷顧。

現在,呈現在他們面前的,完全是一塊陌生的土地,蜿蜒曲折的海岸線,顯得沉寂、荒涼。因此,大約在一個月內,移民們不敢貿然靠岸,仍然以船為家。在此期間,他們派出了偵察隊,乘坐小船在科德角灣沿線尋找定居地。一天,正在大家焦急等待的時候,偵察隊返回來報告說,他們發現了一個適合移民們居住的、真正的"天堂"。"天堂"就是今天的普利茅斯港,這是一個天然的良港,非常適合五月花號停泊。港口附近有一個優良的漁場,可以提供大量的海產品。不遠處一片連綿起伏的小山,就像一道天然屏障,把這塊土地環繞起來。在明亮的陽光下,結了冰的小溪反射著晶瑩的光澤,可以為移民們提供充足的淡水。開墾過的肥沃農田,一塊一塊整整齊齊地排列著。除此之外,他們還看到了一片雖然殘破,卻足以遮風避雨,幫助他們度過嚴冬的房屋……看起來,一切都不錯,而且不能再好了。唯一令他們感到迷惘的是,這片到處都有人類生活遺蹟的土地,竟然看不到一個人影,一縷炊煙,顯得是那樣荒涼,倒好似事先就為他們準備的一樣。後來才知道,這裡原來是一個相當繁榮的印第安村落。幾年前天花流行,全村人無一倖免,這才使它成了這群異國漂泊者的最佳避難所。

幾天後,五月花號渡過了科德角灣,在普利茅斯港拋下了錨鏈。移民們划著小艇登陸時,按照古老的航海傳統,首先登上了一塊高聳於海面上的大礁石。五月花號上禮炮轟鳴,人聲鼎沸,共同慶祝新生活的開始。後來,這塊礁石就被稱為"普利茅斯石",成為美洲新英格蘭第一個永久性殖民地的歷史見證。

不過,對這些渴望幸福的移民來說,第一個冬天並不美好。從大西洋上吹來的凜冽寒風,像魔鬼一樣在空中嘶鳴,漫天的冰雪,無情地拍打著簡陋的住房。在這一片冰天雪地裡,移民們缺少必要的裝備,也缺乏在這片土地上生活的經驗。在繁忙勞動的重壓下,不少人累倒了,累病了,惡劣的飲食,難以忍受的嚴寒,使更多的人倒地不起。接踵而來的傳染病,奪去許多人的生命。一個冬天過去,歷盡千難萬險來到美洲的102名移民,只剩下了50個。幾乎每天都有人死去,幾乎天天都有一家或幾家在做喪事。剛剛踏上這片土地時的歡樂沒有了。每個人、的心頭,都被一種空前絕望的氣氛所籠罩。一個夢,一個剛剛開始的美夢,難道就這樣被打破了嗎?每個人都在思索著。

就在移民們束手無策,坐以待斃時,第二年春天的一個早晨,一名印第安人走進了普利茅斯村。他自我介紹說,他是臨近村落的印第安酋長派來察看情況的。這是移民們來到美洲後接待的第一個客人。他們向客人傾訴了自己的來歷以及所經受的`種種無以復加的苦難。印第安人默默地聽著,臉上流露出無限的憐憫和同情。事情就此有了轉機,幾天後,這名印度安人把他的酋長馬薩索德帶進了移民們的房屋。酋長是個慷慨熱情的人,他向移民表示了熱烈的歡迎,給他們送來了許多生活必需品作禮物。派來了最有經驗、最能幹的印第安人,教給移民們怎樣在這塊土地上生活,教他們捕魚、狩獵、耕作以及飼養火雞等技能

這一年,天公作美,風調雨順,再加上印第安人的指導和幫助,移民們獲得了大豐收,終於闖過了生活的難關,過上了安定、富裕的日子,就在這一年秋天,已成為普利茅斯總督的佈雷德福頒佈了舉行盛典,感謝上帝眷顧的決定,這就是歷史上的第一個感恩節。當然,他沒有忘記為移民們排憂解難的真正"上帝"——熱情、好客、智慧的印第安人,特地邀請馬薩索德和他手下的印第安人前來參加節日慶典。

印第安人欣然接受了邀請,提前送來了5只鹿作為禮物。11月底的一天,移民們大擺筵席,桌子上擺滿了自山林中打來的野味和用自產的玉米、南瓜、筍瓜、火雞等製作的佳餚。慶祝活動一共進行了3天,白天,賓主共同歡宴,暢敘友情。晚上,草地上燃起了熊熊簧火,在涼爽的秋風中,印第安小夥子同普利茅斯殖民地的年輕人一起跳舞、唱歌、摔跤、射箭,氣氛非常熱烈。

今天,在美國人心目中,感恩節是比聖誕節還要重要的節日。首先,它是一個長達4天的假日,足以使人們盡情狂歡、慶祝。其次,它也是傳統的家庭團聚的日子。感恩節期間,散居在他鄉外地的家人,都要趕回家過節,這已經成了全國性的習俗。此外,美國人一年中最重視的一餐,就是感恩節的晚宴。在美國這個生活節奏很快,競爭激烈的國度裡,平日的飲食極為簡單。美國的快餐流行世界,就是一個很好的說明。但在感恩節的夜晚,家家戶戶都大辦筵席,物品之豐盛,令人咋舌。在節日的餐桌上,上至總統,下至庶民,火雞和南瓜餅都是必備的。這兩味"珍品"體現了美國人民憶及先民開拓艱難、追思第一個感恩節的懷;日情緒。因此,感恩節也被稱為"火雞節"。

儘管感恩節是閤家團圓的日子,每年節日期間,仍然有成千上萬人抽出餘暇,前往普利茅斯港參觀、遊覽,重溫美國的歷史。今天,不僅美國人過感恩節,加拿大人也把它視為例行節日。