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考研英譯漢中有哪些常考短語和句型

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考研英語翻譯部分,要求考生用精確地道的漢語翻譯5個劃線句子,介於兩種語言的文化和表達差異,大家需要掌握翻譯的方法技巧。小編為大家精心準備了考研英譯漢中常考短語和句型指導,歡迎大家前來閱讀。

考研英譯漢中有哪些常考短語和句型

  考研英譯漢中常考短語和句型

一、翻譯技巧

翻譯過程中包括兩個階段:正確理解和充分表達。理解是表達的前提,而表達是理解的目的和結果,二者缺一不可,因此,考生在做英譯漢部分試題時:

(1)切記不可急躁,一定要先通讀全文,把握全文的主旨、內容,把握劃線部分的語境;

(2)在著重理解劃線部分時,首先要在語義上理清全句的整體意思和每個單詞的意思;其次要分析清楚句子結構,理出句群,找出各分句之間的關係;

(3)可考慮先打一份翻譯草稿,再根據文章意義和漢語結構進行調整。

由於英語中一詞多義的現象十分普遍,且英漢詞典中給出的漢語解釋未必全面,未必與英文的意思完全對等,這就給我們帶來兩方面的問題:

第一,我們需要根據該多義詞在其語言環境中的詞類、搭配關係甚至是單複數形式來確定其基本意思;第二,在“忠實”的原則下,如果詞典上的釋義顯得不“通順”,那麼為了“忠實”與“通順”的統一,我們必須立足於原意,對其加以適當的引申。

選擇詞義的時候,要根據詞在句中的詞類及上下文的搭配關係來確定。

二、英譯漢中常考短語和句型:

(1)not that…but that…

(2)can not…too…

(3)other than

(4)It is reported / asserted / believed / considered / said /supposed that…

(5)nothing less than

(6)anything but

(7)nothing but

(8)all but

(9)but for

(10)but that+從句

(11)only to+動詞

(12)not so much…as…

(13)not so much as

(14)not nearly/far from

(15)by no means (同義短語還有:in no way,in no case, in no respects, at no time, on no account, under no circumstance)

(16)to say nothing of/ still less(常用於否定句後)

(17)let alone

(18)no more…than…

(19)no more than

(20)more…than…

(21)more than

(22)no less…than

(23)no less than

(24)apart from

(25)no choice but

  考研英語作文高分寫作的語法結構

▶1. 主動句變被動句

“英文多被動,漢語多主動”,還需要警惕名詞與動詞之間暗含的“主被動”關係。

Eg1: It is said that …據說/相傳

Eg2:I suggest that … It is suggested that …

Eg3:Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議

Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激

Eg5:Students should study hard.

Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.

▶2. 簡單句變從句

名詞性從句,含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句

A. 主語從句:

Eg1:What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.

Eg2:It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)

B.賓語從句:

Eg1:Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.

Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.

Eg3:明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.

C. 表語從句:

Eg1:That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.

Eg3:In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.

D. 同位語從句

Eg1:(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句,)

Eg2:Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.

E. 含同位語句式

A.人 身份

Eg. I am convinced that …

As a college student, I am convinced that …

I, as a college student, am convinced that …

B. 物 性質

Eg. A strong will brings us power …

As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…

A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…

插入語

Eg1:As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.

The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.

Eg2:All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.

The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.

Eg3:Even so, others hold a different view.

Others, even so, hold a different view.

Eg4:Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣,具有兩面性)

Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.

F. 定語從句:

步驟:1)先寫出正確簡單句,確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)

2)在中心名詞後加入定從,關係詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when

Eg1:Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.

Eg2:I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?

▶3. it 句式

A. 形式主語 it is +被動/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …

Eg1:It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …

Eg2:It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do

Eg3:It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …

Eg4:It is useless/useful doing sth.

B. 形式賓語

Eg1:An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.

Eg2:An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.

Eg3:A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.

▶4. 強調句

A. 強調謂語:

Eg1:I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.

Eg2:Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.

Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.

B. 強調句式:It is/was +被強調成分+that/who+句子其他成分。

【步驟】

a. 先寫出正確的簡單句、並列句或複合句,明確單句的各個成分。

b. 在被強調成分(除謂語和補語外)兩邊新增it is/was 和that/who, 其他成分不變,必要時調整順序。

【強調句式特徵】去掉it is/was…that/who結構,整個句子無冗餘或成分殘缺。

Eg1:My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.

It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.

Eg2:Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

(強調句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.

Eg3:The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.

▶5. 倒裝

A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位於主語之前或句首,主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,

Eg1:I will never agree. Never will I agree.

B. Only +狀語位於句首,主句半倒裝。

Eg1:When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.

Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.

Eg2:When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.

Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.

Eg3:By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.

Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.

倒裝形式

Eg1:Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.

Eg2:Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.

Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.

Eg3:Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.

▶6.雙重否定:

Eg1:no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.

In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.

Eg2:A strong will is very important.

The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.

Eg3:Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.

▶7. Ving/ved 狀語

A. 兩個動作同時發生且主語一致,將次要動作寫成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語,即動作與邏輯主語之間為主動關係時寫成v-ing形式、為被動關係是寫成V-ed形式。

Eg1:I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.

I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.

Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.

Eg2:When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.

Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.

B.兩個動作主語一致,但前後發生,則可將先發生的動作寫成Having +ved形式。

Eg1:He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.

Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.

▶8. 排比結構

Eg1:Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)

Eg2:We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)

Eg3:作為一種重要素質,自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰勝困難。

As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.

考研英語中應用文寫作,通過模板句型,經典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分數,因為“言簡意賅”就是它的特點。而大作文對於語言表達上的要求要高几個level,只是模式化的文字已經不足以打動考官,需要在原有的結構上進一步創新,讓考官看的跌宕起伏,還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關鍵所在。

  考研英語複習的思維

思維一:完形填空——結合上下文,結合技巧

完形填空應該是考研比較難的一部分,但是完形填空也不是沒有技巧方法可循, 從歷年的平均分可看出,每年平均分都在5分左右,低於及格分。又由於完形填空所佔分值不高,許多同學都選擇避開,複習閱讀時順帶複習完形,或者乾脆不管考試時“蒙一水”。這種做法有一定道理,畢竟完型較難,分值不多,就算投入大量時間和精力也不一定能保證多幾分。

完形填空做題技巧曆來都受同學厚愛,完形填空答題不能死板,不需要每個句型,每個單詞的意思都要領悟到,建議考生答題時結合上下文對句子和填空部分進行分析,運用技巧思維進行解答。

A、完形填空的第一句話作為文章的開篇,告訴我們文章的主題,下面的內容都是圍繞它展開,因此第一句都是完整的,我們也要緊抓第一句話,自己所做的選擇都應與第一句的意思相一致。另外注意完形填空選的是最佳答案,而不是正確答案

B、同義原則:在四個選項中,當兩個或三個實詞互為同義詞時,答案往往在其中。當兩個或三個虛詞互為同義詞時,往往都不選。當四個選項都有一個共同意思時,該意思往往不能入選。更多的技巧和原則可參見李老師授課內容。

C、學會利用紅花綠葉原則做題。完形詞彙分為紅花詞和綠葉詞。紅花詞就是每次出現在真題裡都會選;綠葉詞就是屢次出現屢次不選。比如說however、although、yet、because等屬於紅花詞。Since、nowthat、what、if only、in case等都屬於綠葉詞。根據往年經驗,利用紅花綠葉原則做題能做對2-5題,但同時也有失手可能,失手也是有原因的,因為和後面提到的原則矛盾了。

特別注意完形填空答案的規律

根據我們對歷年完形填空真題答案的整理和總結,得到答案分佈是有規律可循的:A、四個選項都是4-6個之間,四個答案是均勻分佈的。B、一般而言,A答案較多(至少五個)C、沒有連續三個答案都是一樣的情況。D、在五個一組的答案裡,至少要出現三個字母。

思維二: 閱讀理解——得方法者得天下

閱讀理解是考研的重頭戲,所佔分值最大,並且在考研英語複習中,閱讀理解獲得高分就會有更大的可能性,重要的是講究做題方法,得方法者得天下。

(1)、掃描題幹、劃出關鍵詞。拿到閱讀的第一步是先看題幹,這樣可以建立目標感,對文章主要內容和脈絡有個大致瞭解。

(2)、通讀全文、抓住中心。通讀時要把握兩個重點,一是文章首段;二是其餘各段的轉折和首尾句。另外通讀時要思考三個問題:文章敘述的主要內容、文章有無提到核心概念、作者大致態度。

(3)、仔細審題,返回原文:關鍵詞定位法,由題幹出發,尋找關鍵資訊。

(4)、重疊選項,得出答案:遇到難的文章可採用看一題讀一段的解題方式。

思維三:英語寫作——四步訓練

首先要規劃寫作的程序,這一項要在平時訓練裡完成。建議考生在動筆之前花5分鐘左右的時間構思並寫出提綱;然後用大約30分鐘的時間把短文寫好;如果你習慣於打草稿的話,可以用20分鐘的時間寫草稿,然後再用10分鐘左右的時間把草稿抄寫在試卷上,最後我們還要留出大約5分鐘的時間來檢查。這一項需要考生在平時考研英語複習訓練中就嚴格要求自己,並養成習慣。

第二步就是審題。審題過程會考生要完成兩個任務:一是分清題型,二是揣摩題意。審題時,考生首先應該分析題目是議論文、說明文、記敘文還是書信通知類的文體,因為不同的題型需要採用不同的寫作方法和不同的語言風格。定下文章的文體之後,接下來考生要根據題中給出的詞語、圖畫等資訊,確定文章的主題,限定寫作的範圍。

第三步構思文章的寫作內容。寫英語作文的時候,可能很多考研學生會遇到這樣的問題:確定了文章的主題和寫作範圍,但文章的內容卻無從下手。不過我感覺有兩個方法還挺有用處的。一是聯想法,根據題目提供的資訊,儘可能快速儘可能多地聯想到和資訊有關的材料,並把所有的材料一一記錄下來,這些材料可以是一個單詞,一個句子,一段話,也可以是一個事件,一個故事。二是提問法,考生可以從這六方面│who│what│ where│when│why│how│展開提問,並做相應回答,同時考生也可以圍繞這些問題蒐集相關材料,拓展寫作的思路。當材料收集完成後,考生就要對所有材料進行分析篩選,選出適合的材料作為寫作的重點。

第四步擬寫大綱。當寫作的主題、範圍、材料都收集完成後,接下來考生要寫個作文提綱,好的提綱是寫作過程中好的助手。它可以幫我們確定作文的主題和結構、有序地組織自己的觀點、合理地安排材料。寫大綱的時候,我們可以使用完整的句子,也可以使用單詞或短語。使用完整的`句子寫大綱比較詳細,而且有些主題句在最後寫成文的時候直接可以使用。而如果使用單詞或短語來寫大綱的話則會更快、更簡潔。至於選擇哪種方法,考生要根據自身情況決定。

思維四:考研真題——正確對待歷年英語真題

暑假同學們需要熟悉一下真題的風格和難度。這有利於尋找與真題接近的模擬題。做模擬題的時間最好是按照考試正常時間進行,嚴格要求。因為接近於真題的模擬題都屬於市面上模擬題中的精品,因此要好好珍惜,首先,同學們要對近10年的真題進行分析和把握,可先在規定時間內做歷年真題,然後認真分析出錯的題目,仔細找出原因,如:單詞不認識、句子讀不懂、語法結構不熟悉等等。同學們可以將陌生的單詞和句式摘抄下來,以便隨時記憶。其次,同學們要有意識地擴大閱讀量。建議同學們每週看一至兩份《中國日報》或《英語學習》等英語刊物,以積累閱讀量。同學們最好能在假期內讀四五份報紙,四五本雜誌。下面是做真題的步驟。

1.先不用詞典,按考試時的方式在規定的時間內(都說考研的文章15分鐘一篇就行)讀完,不認識的單詞就猜(剛開始的時候估計會比較痛苦,越到後面就越輕鬆,推薦從97年的開始,我記得那年的題些文章短、生詞也相對少),把答案記下來,這時千萬別對答案。

2.重新再讀一遍,可以用詞典,不認識的詞就查出來記在別處(一定不要圖方便記在單詞旁邊,真題是要反覆看的東西,記在旁邊,下次再檢驗的時候,就要受影響。對了,答案也最好不要寫在題旁邊),這次閱讀時不要看對難句的分析,做完後記下答案,這時也最好別對答案。

3.把記下的不認識單詞進行記憶(就算是詞彙學習了,真題的閱讀已經基本涵蓋了考研的重點詞彙),這樣至少在短期內,這篇文章對你沒有生詞。這樣再進行最後的精讀,參閱註解對難句進行分析,時間可以用得長些,確保對文章的每個部分都充分理解,這時再做一遍題,記下答案。