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託福閱讀中提高正確率的方法有什麼

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考生往往感覺到託福閱讀的題量太大,選答案的正確率又不是很高。下面是本站小編整理的託福閱讀中提高正確率的方法,希望對你有幫助。

託福閱讀中提高正確率的方法有什麼

  託福閱讀中提高正確率的方法

1)段意對:如果某個選項恰好是剛剛筆記上記下的段意,則選項為正確選項。託福閱讀題幹要求選出三個能概括文章主要內容的選項,用正常的思維去想一想,我們一般用什麼來概括文章的主要內容呢?當然是段意了。

2)細節錯:人家要的是文章的主要內容,細節顯然是錯誤答案。關鍵是怎麼判斷細節--標準就是細節是不需要被解釋的內容。舉個例子:我說“你是個好人”這就不是細節,這個需要解釋:你為什麼是好人。可是我說“你朋友借了你100塊錢不還你也不催債”,這就是個細節。這句話不需要解釋,它是用來解釋你是個好人這句話的。所以說,看到一個選項,覺得這話沒什麼要解釋的,那這個選項一定錯了。

3)託福閱讀和文意相反的選項是錯的:這個理由很明白,不用解釋什麼,關鍵是你怎麼知道哪個選項是和文意相悖的呢?你不是說只讀每段的首末句和轉折句嗎?很多含有細節的句字都讀不到呀。這個問題的解決辦法在於做題中積累資訊。開始的快速閱讀只是構建文章的框架,做主旨題之前的題目的過程就是積累細節的過程,這個不用刻意為之,因為之前的題目都是句子定位或者段落定位的,做題的過程中自然會讀到每段的細節。

4)託福閱讀編造出來的選項是錯的:有一種情況是比較讓人鬱悶的,就是看到一個選項,又不是段意,也不能準確判斷就是個細節,並且也判斷不出這個選項和文中的那個內容有所違背。這時候有些考生就慌了,覺得自己是文章沒有讀仔細,又返回去讀文章,可是慌慌張張讀了半天還是找不到和這個選項有關的內容。其實不必回去讀文章了,關鍵是頭腦要冷靜。人家要的文章的主要內容,主要內容一定是某一段的段意或者某幾段段意的總結,所以這時候要做的惟一事情就是把段意再總結一遍,如果這個選項和某一段或某幾段的段意相符,那麼正確,否則這就是一個編造選項,當機立斷地把它排除掉!

  託福閱讀總結題的做法

“挖坑——填坑”兩部曲

挖坑指的是,我們迅速閱讀原文每段首尾句,總結段落大意並將文章除首(兩)段代表文章引入部分的正文部分劃分為3-4個極為簡略的大概意思,這就是挖坑。

TPO3-2 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

我們快速閱讀每段話首尾句(共10句),可將除1-2段(大體介紹該蓄水層)之外的段落分為1. Ogallala帶來的好處;2. Ogallala遇到的問題;3. 解決該問題的數個方案。

以上三個大體文章意思的分類,就是我們挖好的坑。

填坑指的是,符合以上主題的選擇,我們保留,不符合的排除。

use of the Ogallala for irrigation has allowed the High Plains to become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States.

A.選項符合“Ogallala帶來的好處”坑要求,保留。

n the aquifer’s low recharge rate, its use for irrigation is causing water tables to drop and will eventually lead to its depletion.

B.選項符合“Ogallala遇到的問題”坑要求,保留。

asing capillary water and introducing drought-resistant crops are less-promising solutions to the water supply crisis than bringing in river water.

C.選項不符合“解決該問題的數個方案”,而是方案之間的對比,排除。

periodic deepening of wells and the use of more-powerful pumps would help increase the natural recharge rate of the Ogallala.

D.選項不符合“解決該問題的數個方案”,而是單獨的某一個解決方案,排除。

Texas, a great deal of attention is being paid to genetic engineering because it is there that the most critical situation exists.

E.選項不符合“解決該問題的數個方案”,而是單獨的某一個解決方案,排除。

ral solutions to the upcoming water supply crisis have been proposed, but none of them promises to keep the costs of irrigation low.

F.選項符合“解決該問題的數個方案”,而是方案之間的對比,保留。

以上,我們沒有進行任何的原文比對,只做了“選項是否能夠填坑”的大致比較,且部分選項並不用全部讀完,如F選項讀到Several solutions表達的時候就已經符合填坑條件。

少數遇到只能排除2個選項的情況,可將剩下4個選項中來自同一坑的2個選項帶入原段落進行比對,同樣避免了滿篇找詞的尷尬,工作量大大減少。

  託福閱讀化長為短的技巧

1. 長句子

俗話說得好,世上本沒有長難句,修飾成分多了便有了長難句。面對一個難以理解的長句子,我們首先去反應一個問題,這個句子的生詞多不多?如果有較多不認識的生詞,那麼先從單詞的查漏補缺開始做起。然而本文的重點不是單詞的記憶,而是面對單詞基本都認識,句子還是不理解或者讀不下去的問題該怎麼辦。那麼,問題的關鍵在於句子的語法結構你是否能夠明析,能否快速判斷出句子的主幹和細節。接下來我們用一個例子加以說明。

A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

這個句子的單詞難度比較適中,但是句子本身的難度並不小。原因在於句子結構比較複雜,我們來對它進行庖丁解牛。

A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need.

紅色部分劃出了這個句子的核心主幹(即主謂賓),間隔很大,支離破碎。注意後半部分嵌入了倒裝句established in their respective communities the idea and the need,establish是及物動詞,後面卻加了介詞in,說明此處有倒裝,還原正常語序應是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒裝出現的意義在於idea和need在原句中的後置定語(即藍色劃線部分)太長,為了防止頭重腳輕。

原句中綠色部分是人名的並列,也是本句主語art collectors的同位語。紫色部分是colonists的非謂語動詞後置定語,黃色部分是插入語用來進一步解釋art collectors。

綜上所述,本句運用了多種語法結構(並列,倒裝,同位語,後置定語,插入語)把主幹部分分割得支離破碎,如果對這些語法結構不熟悉的同學肯定會一下子摸不著頭腦。而如果能夠盡最大努力把握其用法,那麼對閱讀的速度和正確率的提升都有很大幫助。

翻譯:幾位藝術收藏家(此處省略幾位藝術家名字)將歐洲藝術傳統介紹給那些被特許參觀他們畫廊的殖民者,尤其是有抱負的藝術家們,並在他們各自的社群建立了藝術具有價值的觀念和致力於鼓勵其發展的機構的需要。

2. 長文章

說完句子結構,下面來說說段落和文章結構的重要性。面對比較長的段落和文章,要在短時間內快速抓住重點資訊,做對題目,那麼對文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真題文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落為例來講解。

In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democratsdominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

對於這種較長的段落,如何快速辨別段落內部結構和句與句之間的`邏輯是理解的關鍵。[一般來說,段落的主題常出現的位置在段首和段尾,但是也有例外,比如段落內部出現轉折,那麼要注意轉折後的內容與前面相反而且是重點。]

這個段落,首句在講兩個黨派的社會組成是相似的,接著的第二三句出現了both、neither表示“都”、“都不”,提出了兩點相似之處。第四句出現了關鍵性的however,而該句以及接下來的句子主語也發生了轉變,都變為兩個黨派的其中一個。那麼,可以推斷出however之後的內容與前面相反,所以段落的主題落在了Democrats和Whigs社會組成的不同之處。

3. 長題目

(包括選項)

有些學生過五關斬六將,好不容易將文章意思弄懂的差不多了,一看題目和選項瞬間又一臉懵x。於是只能依靠“經典口訣”來蒙答案,三短一長選一長,三長一短選一短,參差不齊就選c。大家不要模仿哦!

選項看不懂這種情況的出現是為什麼呢?主要原因在於選項的同義改寫。

同義,意味著核心意思保持一致;改寫,意味著換一種說法,簡單的例如替換同義詞語,複雜的例如改變句子結構。下面,我們結合前面所講的長難句理解內容來做一道句子簡化題。

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.

B. Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

C. The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.

D. The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.

答案:選D

單詞:

integrate v. 使融合;使結合

dominate v. 主宰

semisubsistence n. 半自給自足

languish v. 失去活力

快速做法:

Step 1:根據邏輯排除A,因果邏輯無

Step 2:根據主幹結構排除C,主語不對

Step 3:細讀B和D,發現B與原句矛盾,排除。

詳細解析:

原句的結構比較簡單易懂,主語是紅色部分。句子邏輯是綠色的whereas,表示“然而”。所以這句話是在對比Whigs和Democrats勢力分佈上的區別。

A選項的極端詞only、最高階wealthiest、because因果邏輯均無體現

B選項表示兩個黨派的勢力在城市和鄉村地區各自自然分佈,與原句前半句矛盾

C選賢偷換主幹,原句主幹不是farming areas

D選項涉及同義改寫,whereas與while同義替換,邏輯對應。poorer areas同義對應原句的more isolated and languishing economically;market fully operating同義對應原句的fully integrated into market economy

綜上,對於託福閱讀長難句,首先按照邏輯排除與原句不對應的改寫,其次注意主幹結構是否原句一致。掌握好這兩個關鍵的步驟,很大程度上可以幫助我們快速排除掉“一本正經胡說八道”的選項了。