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定語從句主謂一致省略的用法

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定語從句主謂一致省略:

定語從句主謂一致省略的用法

1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是個不怕困難的人。

2.Don't choose me,who am not qualified for this job.不要選我,我不適合做這項工作。

3.Anyone who has questions to ask, please come to my office this afternoon.有問題要問的人,今天下午到我辦公室來。

另外,關於定語從句的先行詞,one of後常接複數名詞,在非正式的英語口語中,有時甚至在一些很正規的文體中,動詞的數不是與先行詞保持一致,而是與 one相一致,這是因為說話者或寫作者首先想到的是one,而不是one後面真正的先行詞。例如:

4.That is one of the most valuable dictionaries that has appeared in recent years.那本詞典是近幾年來所見到的最有價值的詞典之一。

5.Buenos Aires is one of the world capitals thatis noted for its busy harbor.布宜諾斯艾利斯是一個以其海港的熱鬧而聞名的國家首都。

第5句中的is不能改成are。這點很好理解,因為用are就意味著世界上所有國家的首都都以海港熱鬧而出名,這是不符合實際的。

當one前面有the only等限定詞和修飾語時,定語從句的謂語動詞也要與 one保持一致而取單數形式。例如:

6.He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。

拓展延伸

語法講解:主謂一致

謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂 一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

  一、“三個一致”原則

  1. 語法一致的原則

(1)以單數名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數;主語為複數時,謂語用複數,例如:

He goes to school early every morning.

The children are playing outside.

To work hard is necessary for a student.

(2)由and或both??and連線的並列成分作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。例如:

Both he and I are right.

Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.

但並列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數。

例如:

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

The poet and writer has come.

(3)由and連線的並列單數主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

Each man and each woman is asked to help.

(4)主語是單數時,儘管後面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動詞仍用單數。例如:

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

Nobody but two boys was late for class.

Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

(5) 一些只有複數形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞要用複數。例如:

A lot of people are dancing outside.

The police are looking for lost boy.

(6)由each, some, any, no, every 構成的複合代詞作主語時,謂語動詞都用單數。例如:

Is everybody ready?

Somebody is using the phone.

(7)有兩部分構成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks,scissors 等作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。例如:

Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.

Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.

如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數,謂語動詞的單複數形式往往取決於pair的單複數形式。例如:

Here are some new pairs of shoes.國中英語主謂一致。

My new pair of socks is on the bed.

2. 意義一致的原則

(1)表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數。例如:

Twenty years is not a long time.

Ten dollars is too dear.

(2)有些集合名詞,如family, team等作主語時,如作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數;如指其中每個成員,則用複數。例如:

My family is big one.

My family are watching TV.

(3)不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時,也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動詞的單複數形式。如果代詞代表複數可數名詞,謂語動詞用複數;如果代詞代表單數可數名詞或不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數。例如:

All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

(4)疑問代詞作主語時,其謂語動詞也有兩種情況:主語表示複數意義,謂語動詞用複數;主語表示單數意義,則謂語動詞用單數。例如:

Who is your brother?

Who are League members?

(5)“分數或百分數+of+名詞”構成的片語作主語時,其謂語動詞要以of後面的名詞而定。名詞是複數,謂語動詞用複數:名詞是單數,謂語動詞用單數。例如:

It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.

Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

(6)half, the rest等表示不定數量的名詞作主語時,如果所指為複數意義,動詞用複數;如果所指為單數意義,動詞用單數。例如:

I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.

Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.

(7)由what 引導地主於從句作主語時,通常謂語動詞用單數形式。但如果所指內容為複數意義時,謂語動詞用複數形式。例如:

What she said is correct.

What she left me are a few old books.

(8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語,往往根據意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單複數形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人,謂語動詞用複數;如果指的是一個人或抽象概念,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如:

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

The dead is a famous person.

3. 鄰近一致(就近一致)的原則

(1)由連詞or, either??or, neither??nor, not only?but also,等連線的並列主語,如果一個是單數,一個是複數,則謂語動詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的.主語一致。例如:

Either you or I am right.

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

(2)在“There be” 句型中,謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。

There are two apples and one egg in it.

(3)as well as 和名詞連用時,謂語動詞和第一個名詞相一致。

He as well as I is responsible for it.

不但是我,他對這件事也有責任。

(4)以here開頭的句子,其謂語動詞和靠近的主語一致。

Here is a letter and some books for you.

二、主謂一致常考情況

1. 單數名詞(代詞),不可數名詞作主語時,謂語用單數形式;複數名詞(代詞)作主語,謂語用複數形式。

The desk ________(is / are)Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。

Some water ________(is / are)in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子裡。

The students ________(is / are)playing football on the playground. 這些學生正在操場上踢足球。

2. more than one + 單數名詞作主語,謂語用單數。

More than one student ________(has / have)ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經去過北京。

3. 表示時間,價格,重量,數目,長度,數學運算等的詞或短語作主語時,這些通常作一個整體概念,謂語用單數形式。

Two months ________(is / are)a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。

Twenty pounds ________(is / are)not so heavy. 2 0磅並不太重。

Ten miles ________(is / are)not a long distance. 1 0英里並不是一段很長的距離。

Five minus four ________(is / are)one. 5減4等於1。

4. 主語是each/every+單數名詞+and(each/every)+單數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。

Each boy and each girl ________(has / have)got a seat.每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。

Every man and every woman ________(is / are)at work.每個男人和女人都在工作。

5. one and a half + 複數名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數形式。

One and a half hours ________(is / are)enough. 一個半小時足夠了。

6. 動詞不定式,動名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

To see ________(is / are)to believe. 眼見為實。

Doing eye exercises ________(is / are)good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。

7. a/an+單數名詞+or two 作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

A student or two ________(like / likes)to listen to this new teacher’s class.

一兩個學生喜歡聽這位新老師的課。

8. 當主語部分(主語是單數時)含有with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介詞或介詞短語時,謂語動詞用單數形式;但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時,謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。

Mike with his father ________(has / have)been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。

Mike, like his brother, ________(enjoy / enjoys)playing football. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

The students as well as the teacher ________(was / were)present at the meeting.

開會的時候,學生們和老師都在場。

9. 由and連線的兩個單數名詞作主語時,一般用複數形式,但and所連線的並列主語是同

一個人,事物,或概念時,謂語動詞用單數。這兩種情況區分如下:a/the+單數名詞+and+單數名詞,指的是同一個人或物;a/the+單數名詞+and+a/the+單數名詞,指兩個人或物。

The writer and teacher ________(is / are)coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)

The writer and the teacher ________(is / are)coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)

A knife and fork ________(is / are)on the table. 桌子上放著一副刀叉。

10. people, police等集體名詞作主語,謂語動詞用複數形式;family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語,若指一個整體時,謂語動詞用單數形式,若指一個一個的具體成員時,謂語動詞複數形式。

People here ________(is / are)very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。

His family ________(is / are)not large. 他家的人不多。

My family all ________(like / likes)watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。

11. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

________(Is / Are)everyone here today? 今天大家到齊了嗎?

Something ________(is / are)wrong with him. 他有毛病。

Nobody ________(was / were)in. 沒有人在家。

12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語,謂語動詞用單數。 Each of them ________(has / have)an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。

Neither answer ________(is / are)correct. 兩個答案都不正確。

13. 以—s 結尾的名詞本身不表示覆數意義,謂語通常用單數形式,如news, maths, physics等。

No news ________(is / are)good news. 沒有訊息就是好訊息。

Maths ________(is / are)very popular in our class 在我們班數學很受歡迎。

14. 由both?and?連線兩個單數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用複數形式;由or, either?or?, neither?nor?, not only?but also?, not?but?,

連線兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,根據就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主語,則動詞為單數形式。

Either my wife or I ________(am / is / are)going.

Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________(know / knows)the answer.

Not only you but also he ________(is / are)ready to leave. Each of us ________(has / have)got a new story book.

Neither of the books ________(is / are)very interesting.

15. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構成時,動詞一般用單數形式。但a variety of, a number of +名詞複數,動詞要用複數形式; 而the number of +複數名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。

A number of students ________(is / are)going to visit this place of interest.

The number of the students ________(is / are)over 800國中英語主謂一致。

16.以here,there開頭的句子,若主語在兩個或兩個以上,謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。

There ________(is / are)a book and three pens on the desk. Here ________(is / are)some books and paper for you.

17. the+形容詞表示一類人時,謂語動詞用複數形式;表示抽象概念時,用單數形式。

The poor ________(is / are)very happy, but the rich ________(is / are)sad.

The beautiful ________(live / lives)forever. 美是永存的。