當前位置:才華齋>範例>校園>

國中英語複習要點:助動詞與情態動詞

校園 閱讀(2.03W)

(一)助動詞

國中英語複習要點:助動詞與情態動詞

有be, have, do, will, shall,它們本身沒有詞義,只和實義動詞的一定形式構成複合謂語,用來表示時態和語態,構成否定、疑問及加強語氣等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)

(l)"be + -ing"構成進行時態;(2)"be + 過去分詞"構成被動語態;(3)"be + 動詞不定式"構成複合謂語:①表示按計劃安排要發生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 總理將於明年訪問日本。② 用於命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作業才能看電視

2、have (has, had)

(1)"have+過去分詞"構成完成時態。如:Have you seen the film ? (2)"have been + -ing"構成完成進行時態。如:What have you been doing these days? 這些日子你一直在幹什麼?

3、do (does, did)

(1)"do not + 動詞原形"構成行為動詞的否定式。如:His brother doesn't like playing basket.;(2)"Do + 主語 + 動詞原形"構成行為動詞的一般疑問句。Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)"do + 動詞原形"用於祈使句或陳述句中表示加強語氣。如:I did go to see him, but he wasn't in我確實去看望他了,但他不在家。Do do some work. 請一定做點什麼;(4)代替前面剛出現的動詞以避免重複。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.

, shall (would, should)

"will (shall+動詞原形"構成一般將來時,一般來說shall用於第一人稱,will用於第二人稱或第三人稱,口語中常用will代替shll,如:We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.

(二)情態動詞

情態動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態的態度,可以表示"可能"、"可以"、"需要"、"必須"或"應當"等之意。情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。但不能單獨作謂語動詞用,必須和不帶to的不定式連用構成謂語動詞。只有情態動詞ought要和帶to的動詞不定式連用,在句中作謂語用。

將情態動詞置於主語之前即構成其疑問式,在情態動詞之後加not既構成其否定式。現將各情態動詞的基本用法分述如下:

1、can和could (could為can的.過去式) 的基本用法

(1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you. (2)在疑問句和否定句中表示"懷疑"、"猜測"或"可能性",如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's? (3)表示"許可"時can可以和may換用,如:You can (may) go home now. (4)如果要表示語氣婉轉,可用could代替can,這時could不再是can的過去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,兩者在意思上沒有什麼區別。但是can只能有現在式和過去式,而be able to則有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better.

2、may和might (might為may的過去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允許或徵詢對方許可,有"可以"之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答對方說"可以做某事"或"不可以做某事"時,一般多不用may或 may not,以避免語氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉的說法進行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在請求對方許可時,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 語氣更婉轉些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示"阻止"或"禁止"對方做某事時,要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn't. It's too dangerous. (2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示"或許"、"可能"之意,如果用might表示可能性,則語氣更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now .

3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示"必須"、"應該"之意,其否定式 must not,縮寫形式為 mustn't,表示"不應該","不準"、"不許可"或"禁止"之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire. (2)對以must提出的疑問句,如作否定回答時,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)來回答,而不用mustn't,因為mustn't表示的是"禁止"或"不許可"之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish it in three days. (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測,表示"一定"或"必定"之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.

4、can, could, may, must後接完成式的用法

(1)can, could後接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑問句中表示對過去發生過的事情的"懷疑"或"不肯定"的態度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表示過去可能做到而實際並沒做到的事情,有"勸告"或"責備"的語氣,英語語法《語法複習十一:助動詞與情態動詞》。如:---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure. (2)may, might後接完成式的用法 ①表示對過去某事的推測,認為某一件事情在過去可能發生了。如果使用might,語氣就比較婉轉或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示過去本來可以做到而實 際沒有做到的事情,有"勸告"或"責備"的語氣,如:You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better. (3)must後接完成式的用法:表示對過去某事的推測,認為某事在過去一定做到 了,如:Liu Dong isn't in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.

5、have to 的基本用法:

have to和must的意義相近,只是 must側重表示說話人的主觀看法,而have to 則表示客觀需要,如:I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.

6、ought to的基本用法

(l)表示根據某種義務或必要"應當"做某事,語氣比should強,例如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推測,注意與must表示推測時的區別:He must be home by now .(斷定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比較直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄) ;(3)"ought + have+ 過去分詞"表示過去應做某事而 實際未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn't) 這時,ought與 should可以互相換用。注意,在美國英語中ought to 用於否定和疑問句時to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn't smoke so much.

7、dare的基本用法

(l)dare (dared為其過去式) 作情態動詞用時,主要用於否定句,疑問句和條件從句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在現代英語中dare常用作行為動詞,其變化與一般行為動詞相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.

8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情態動詞用時,主要用於否定句和疑問句中,如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作為行為動詞用,可用於肯定句,否定句和疑問句中,其後可接名詞、代詞、動名詞或帶 to 的動詞不定式為其賓語。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't後接完成式可以表示過去做了一件本來不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn't have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情態動詞時,用於第二、三人稱,表示說活人的意願,可表示"命令"、"警告"、"強制"、"威脅"或"允諾"等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. (2)在疑問句中,shall用於第一、三人稱,表示說話人的徵詢對方意見或請求指示,如:Shall I open the door?

10、should的基本用法

(1)should作為情態動詞可以表示"建議"或"勸告",有"應該"之意,如:You should learn from each other. (2)should後接完成式表示過去沒有做到本來應該做的事情,或是做了本來不應該做的事情。如:You should have give him more help.