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考研英語大小作文有什麼命題規律

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我們在準備考研的複習時,需要把英語大小作文的命題規律掌握好。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語大小作文的複習重點,歡迎大家前來閱讀。

考研英語大小作文有什麼命題規律

  考研英語大小作文的命題規律

小作文

據統計:每年小作文的全國平均分為5.5-6分左右,所以對於滿分10分的小作文來說,提分的空間還是很大的!

小作文主要是一種應用性短文,包括私人和公務信函、備忘錄、報告等。僅僅信函類就包括辭職信、申請信、道歉信、慰問信、祝賀信等等,一起來看下歷年考研英語小作文型別統計吧!

題目彙總

【英語一】

已考型別:

辭職信1次, 詢問信1次, 建議信4次、 道歉信1次、 告示2次、 推薦信1次、 邀請信1次、通知信1次

未考型別:

感謝信,祝賀信,慰問信,申請信,投訴信,介紹信,請求信

【英語二】

已考型別:

感謝信1 次、建議信3次、 祝賀信1次、 投訴信1次、 倡議書1次、 介紹信1次、 詢問信1次、通知信1次

未考型別:

道歉信,推薦信,邀請信,慰問信,申請信,請求信。

命題規律

從往年的考試命題來看,建議信是考察比較多的型別,但是很多未考過的型別很有可能是今年命題的方向,尤其是慰問信、申請信、請求信這三類在英語一、英語二中都還沒有考過,所以更需引起大家的重視。

在考研英語試卷上,考場上一般都會選擇先以小作文為開端,如果能順利的完成一篇感覺不錯的小文章,不僅能給自己信心,很快進入寫作狀態,還能給大作文預留下充分的時間。因此同學們在學習大作文寫作的同時不要忽略了對小作文的備考練習!

大作文

題目彙總

2016年:言傳身教,榜樣的作用(英語一)、旅遊(英語二)

2015年:手機時態的聚合(英語一)、城市居民春節花銷(英語二)

2014年:孝道或關愛老人(英語一)、城鎮化或城鄉人口對比(英語二)

2013年:選擇(英語一)、大學生兼職(英語二)

2012年:樂觀(英語一)、工作滿意度(英語二)

2011年:旅途之"餘"(英語一)、國內轎車市場品牌份額(英語二)

2010年:文化"火鍋" (文化融合)(英語一)、手機入網(英語二)

2009年:網路的"近"與"遠"

2008年:合作(的重要性)

2007年:樂觀心態(是成功的關鍵)

2006年:偶像崇拜

2005年:(年輕人應該)贍養父母

2004年:終點又是新的起點

2003年:溫室裡的花朵經不起風雨

2002年:美國女孩穿著中國傳統服飾(中國與世界的文化交流)

2001年:(困難的時候,人人都應該獻)愛心

2000年:全球商業捕魚(自然生態平衡遭破壞)

命題規律

1、常考話題有四大類:道德倫理類、教育文化類、社會生活類、環保生態類。

2、常考話題類別隔年反覆考察。

3、話題貼近大學生生活或與近年社會熱點話題。

4、命題不會涉及時事政治或敏感話題

5、命題體現和諧社會原則:個人自身的和諧發展、個人與他人或與社會的和諧關係、個人與自然的.和諧共處。

大家在複習英語作文時一定要認真研究一下往年的考試題目和話題的考查方向,多關注社會熱點,自己多動手去寫,有能力的小夥伴可以在複習和練習中形成自己的“特色模板”。

  考研英語二完型填句題解題步驟及方法

【解題步驟】

第一步:找出各選項的關聯詞

第二步:將代詞後面指代的內容還原迴文章,進行匹配。

【解題技巧】

第一,選項中出現時間年代時,往往要注意與原文中年代的前後對應關係。

第二,選項中出現代詞時,該選項往往不能放在首句,要能分辨出該代詞所指的內容:it可指代前面的單數名詞或整個句子;they或them指代前面的複數名詞;one指代前面的單數可數名詞;that指代前面的不可數名詞或句子;this指代前面的單數名詞或句子。

第三,將選項與原文對比時,與原文重複或同義改寫的字越多的往往就是正確選項。

第四,做完型填句(段)題時不用按順序做,先做簡單的後做難的,注意尋找上下文中的關鍵資訊。

【例題】2013年

The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.

Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today's global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.

(42)____This is a shame-the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.

Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords "environmental changed" or "climate change" have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____.

When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example whether the community's work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.

The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.

[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.

[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.

[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.

[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.

[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.

[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.

[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.

【解題步驟】

1. 找選項關鍵詞

[A] two communities: one that is …and one that is …

[B] the numbers, 2010, these Keywords.

[C] the idea is, integrate their work

[D] the solution

[E] These issues, Stemming climate change, for example ,

[F] these factors, such problems .

[G]funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.

2. 關鍵詞匹配文章

[B] the numbers ,2010, these Keywords.匹配到43空前的number和Keywords.

[C] the idea is,integrate their work匹配到45空前的idea和collaborate

[E] These issues, Stemming climate change , for example。利用for example可以匹配到41空前的原詞,these issues可以匹配到including後面的許多因素。

[F] these factors, such problems. 利用such problems匹配到42空前的problems,these factors匹配到前面的冒號後的內容。

[G] funds, 4% to 25%; 15%.匹配到44空後的that is …amount。

  考研英語小作文寫作步驟及要素

一、寫作步驟

第一步:找範文

應用文考察的書信型別有十幾種,每一種有不同的寫作思路。考生需要先根據書信型別,找出至少兩篇優秀的範文。

第二步:改範文

大部分考生找到的範文可能來自網路,或市面上的書籍。上面即使沒有錯誤,但是容易落入俗套,跟其他考生寫的一樣。因此,要想得高分,還要根據應用文的寫作技巧,對找到的範文進行修改。

第三步:整理思路

改完範文後整理出每一種書信的寫作思路,例如感謝信的寫作思路:第一段自我介紹,說明目的;第二段說明自己的困難—得到什麼幫助—幫助後自己有哪些改善—說明幫助的重要性;第三段再一次表示感謝,希望償還好意。整理寫作思路後,無論遇到什麼樣的文章,都可以做到條理清晰,層次分明。

第四步:背誦範文

將改寫完後的範文,以及每一種書信的寫作思路,都背下來。

二、寫作要素

▶要素一:稱呼

①知道姓名:Dear+Mr./Ms./Mrs.+姓氏,

②不知道姓名:Dear Sir or Madam.

③較為親近:Dear +名字,(中國人用全名)

▶要素二:自我介紹

① My name is Li Ming,who is×××.

② I am Li Ming,who is ×××.

▶要素三:寫作目的

①I am writing the letter in purpose of expressing my 主題名詞 to you for 事件.

翻譯:我寫這封信的目的是要表達我對(時間)的(主題名詞)。

②The purpose of letter that I am writing is to express my 主題名詞 to you for 事件.

翻譯:我寫這封信的目的在於表達我對(事件)的(主題名詞)。

▶要素四:信函內容

①原因:為什麼寫信,目的何在?

②建議:通過相應的建議,體現寫作目的。

▶要素五:表達感謝

①Thank you for your time and consideration.感謝你的時間和耐心。

② My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.對於你的慷慨幫助,我的感激之情溢於言表。

③ Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you . 我難以用言語來表達對你真誠的感謝。

④ For all you have done for me ,my true gratitude is beyond the word's description.對你為我所做的一切,我真誠的感激溢於言表。

▶要素六:期待回信

①期待儘快回信:I am looking forward to your reply soon.

②期待滿意答覆:I Look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.

③期待對方關注:Your prompt attention to my letter would be highly appreciated.

▶要素七:落款

①萬能用法:Yours sincerely,/Sincerely yours,

②私人信件:Best wishes,/Best regards,/Warmest regards,/You ever,/Yours,/Cordially,

③親密關係Affectionately,/Yours Affectionately,/Love,/Lovely,

/Cheers,/Your devoted friend,/Your loving father(mother,son...)

④公務信件:Yours faithfully,/Yours truly,/Yours respectfully,/Yours gratefully,/Yours cordially

下面我們重點來看一下信函類的應用文寫作:

信函是交涉事物、增進了解、交流思想、聯絡感情的重要工具。就文體基本劃分為正式和非正式文體,就種類可劃分為私人、公務、社交、商務信件,在考研英語中,我們多以用途來劃分和備考,即求職信、諮詢信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、邀請信等。我們以投訴信和感謝信為例,探討寫作方法。

1.投訴信

所謂投訴信是指標對某件不愉快的事情向責任人提出的投訴信件,信中多尋求解決方法,寫作要求一般為:

(1)首段開門見山指明所投訴的具體事件。

(2)將問題清晰、簡潔、公正地描述出來,指出事件帶來的諸多不便。

(3)感謝對方傾聽投訴,同時清楚地表達你所想到的解決方法,期待對方儘早回覆和解決問題。

2.感謝信

所謂感謝信是指因為某事件向收信人表明感激之意,寫作要求一般為:

(1)首先表明寫作意圖,開門見山表達謝意。

(2)說明因何事向對方表示感謝,注意感情真摯。

(3)感謝信一般為非官方,若為官方感謝信注意語言的嚴肅性。

(4)結尾再次表達真摯感激之情。