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(1)表語從句
1. 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。
2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句
3. 引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類：
(1)從屬連詞that.如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。
(2)從屬連詞whether, as, as if.如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。
注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句,但as if卻可引導表語從句,如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。
能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。
(3)連線代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連線副詞 where, when, how, why.
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。
The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓乾的。
解釋：
1. 連詞because可引導表語從句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。
2. 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞後面的表語從句中,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示,should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發。
(2)主語從句
1. 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句
3. 引導主語從句的關聯詞有三類：
(1)從屬連詞that. 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。
(2)從屬連詞whether.如：
Whether he’ll come here isn,t clear. 他是否會來這裡還不清楚。
(3)連線代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連線副詞 where, when, how, why.如：
What she did is not yet known. 她幹了什麼尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發生的',誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。
Wherever you are is my home —— my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
解釋：
1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：
A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞片語(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：
It’s a pity that we can,t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據說格林先生已經到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衛星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連線代詞或連線副詞引起的主語從句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪裡開會毫無區別。
F. 當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句後置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下週那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G. 當主語從句出現在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句後置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這麼安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連線代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。
