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Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage youhave just heard.
9
questions frequently.
k very loudly.
t the speech to 15 minutes.
tone, volume, and speed of speech.
10
nd on microphones.
d shouting.
se small rooms.
volume stable.
11
a pause.
r register.
pitch.
er pace.
12
practice speaking slowly.
learn to adjust their tones.
evaluate their own voices.
record their voices for the speaker to evaluate.
Passage One
(9) There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative experience for listeners. They can result in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively. Or they can create a voice that doesn't hold attention, or even worse, causes an adverse reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch, and pace. When evaluating volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience. Of course, with an amplifying device like a microphone, the speaker can use a natural tone. (10) But speakers should not be dependent on microphones; a good speaker can speak loudly without shouting. The second element, pitch, is related to the highness or lowness of the sounds. High pitches are, for most people, more difficult to listen to, so in general speakers should use the lower registers of their voice. During a presentation, it's important to vary pitch to some extent in order to maintain interest. The third element, pace, that is how fast or slow words and sounds are articulated, should also be varied. A slower pace can be used to emphasize important points. Note that the time spent not speaking can be meaningful, too. (11) Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation. Because a pause gives the listeners time to think about what was just said or even to predict what might come next, it can be very effective when moving from one topic to another. I'd like you to watch and listen to a video tape and use the forms I gave you to rate the speaking voices you hear. (12) Then tonight I want you to go home and read a passage into a tape-recorder and evaluate your own voice.
9. What are the three elements that work together to create experience for listeners?
10. What is recommended by the speaker in terms of volume?
11. What should a speaker do to indicate that the topic is about to change?
12. Why did the speaker ask the listeners to read a passage into a tape-recorder?
文章一
有三個主要的因素結合在一起決定著聽眾正面或負面的體驗。它們聯合作用可能讓聲音聽起來悅耳，並起到應有的效果。但也可能使聲音被別人充耳不聞，甚至造成負面的效果。這三個要素就是音量、音調和語速。在對音量進行評估時，要記住，一個好的演講者會根據房間大小和聽眾人數兩個因素來對音量進行調節。當然，如果使用了像麥克風一樣的放大工具，說話者可以使用自然音量。但是演講者不應該對麥克風形成依賴，好的演講者可以不用喊就發出洪亮的聲音。第二個因素，音調，和聲音的高低有關。大部分人不喜歡聽到高音，所以一般演講者應該使用較低的音域。在演講當中，很重要的`一點是使音調在一定程度上波動，這樣可以維持聽眾的興趣。第三個要素是語速，也就是詞語和聲音的發音速度。語速也應當進行變化。慢語速一般用於強調重點。還要注意，停頓也很有意義。停頓應該用來表示過渡或者製造預期。因為停頓可以給予聽眾時間思考說話人剛剛說過的內容和預測下面會接著講的內容。這在轉換話題時十分有效。我想讓你們觀看並聽一段錄影帶，你們用我給你們的表格給聽到的聲音打分。今天晚上回家後我希望你們對著錄音機讀一段文章，然後評價一下自己的聲音。
問題9 哪三個要素一起決定著聽眾的聽覺體驗?
問題10 關於音量，演講者提出了什麼建議?
問題11 演講者轉換話題時應該給出怎樣的暗示?
問題12 為什麼演講者讓聽眾讀一段文章並用錄音機錄音?
參考答案：【小題9】D
【小題10】B
【小題11】A
【小題12】C
習題解析：
【小題9】短文開頭部分提到，三個主要的因素結合在一起決定聽眾正面或負面的體驗，隨後說話者指出，音量、音調和語速就是這三個要素，故選 D。
【小題10】說話者談論音量時提到：一個好的演講者會根據房間的大小和聽眾的多少調節音量;演講者不應該依賴麥克風，好的演講者可以大聲說話，而不是喊叫。 可知只有選項 B “避免喊叫”符合教授關於音量問題的建議，故選 B。
【小題11】說話者提到語速問題的時候說，停頓可以用來表示過渡或者製造預期，因為停頓可以給予聽眾思考說話人剛剛說過的內容或者預測下面會接著講什麼。短文中的 signal transitions 與問題中的 indicatethat the topic is about to change 同義，故選 A。
【小題12】短文最後一句提到了磁帶錄音機，該句中說話者希望聽眾回家錄一段朗讀文章並評估一下自己的聲音。選項 C 與原文相符，故選 C。
