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The radical transformation of the Soviet society had a profound impact on women's lives. Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle-class husbands exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education.
These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a woman's profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors in the Soviet Union were women.
Thus Stalinist society gave woman great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so law that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husband's earnings. Moreover, the fun-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the woman's responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental strains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was mobilized in Stalinist society.
52. The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society ______.
A) had economic opportunities that had never been available before
B) had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibilities
C) had new opportunities but also many hardships
D) moved quickly into the highest levels of government
53. In the last paragraph, "monopolize" probably means ______.
A) hold B) earn C) leave D) pay
54. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ______.
A) compare different systems of government
B) tell stories about women in Soviet Union
C) amuse the reader
D) provide information
55. The author's tone in this passage can best be described as ______.
A) disapproving B) emotional
C) objective D) sympathetic
56. We can conclude that the economic and social status of women in Stalinist society ______.
A) had been improved
B) was worse than before
C) had not Changed much
D) was better than that in capitalistic countries
參考答案52--56 CADCA
52.主旨題。文章第一段作者提出話題，蘇聯的根本性社會變革對女性的生活產生了深刻的影響。第二段作者描述了這些變化：女性獲得了參與各種工作和受教育的同等機會，甚至進入了一些專業領域。第三段作者指出，女性在獲得機會的同時電不得不付出巨大的代價。因此，縱觀全文，作者既寫到了變革帶給女性的機會，電提到了她們面對的困難。故正確答案為C項。
53.詞義推斷題。第三段作者陳述了變革後女性面對的各種困境。女性參與工作導致工資水平下降。這又反過來迫使她們不得不出去工作，補充丈夫的收入來養家，但女性還得同時兼顧家庭。除此之外，在工作方面，男性繼續壟斷了好的工作機會。因此，這裡和“monopolize”意思最為接近的'是“hold”，故答案為A項。
54.寫作目的題。結合第一題主旨題可以看出作者寫作此文不是為了娛樂讀者(選項C)，也不是在講故事(選項B)，更沒有比較不同的政府體制(選項A)，作者只陳述了蘇聯社會變革對女性的生活產生了深刻的影響，是屬於提供資訊，故答案為D項。
55.文章基調(作者態度)題。作者既陳述了變革給女性帶來的機會，也寫到她們由此不得不做出的犧牲。因此，作者客觀地提供資訊，文章基調是客觀的。故正確答案為C項。
56.推斷題。文章第二段指出變革賦予女性和男性平等的權利。她們可以從事同樣的工作，接受相同的教育，通過努力同樣進人專業領域。儘管第三段提到她們由此也不得不付出很大的代價，但我們可以推斷，和過去相比，女性的經濟和社會地位還是有所提高的。故正確答案為A項。
