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2016英語六級虛擬語氣詳解

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想要學好英語六級怎麼能不知道虛擬語氣的用法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

2016英語六級虛擬語氣詳解

  (1)以下是小編為大家整理的2014年英語六級語法虛擬語氣講解,供各位考生參考。

語氣的定義和種類

1 語氣(mood)

語氣是動詞的一種形式,表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態度。

2 語氣的種類

⑴、陳述語氣:表示動作或狀態是現實的、確定的或符合事實的,用於陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:

①There are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩個方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?

③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊!

⑵、祈使語氣:表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如:

①Never be late again!再也不要遲到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關燈。

⑶、虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀願望、假設或推測等。如:

①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一隻小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過考試。

③May you succeed!祝您成功!

虛擬語氣在語法裡算得上是個難點。讓我們就從最簡單的開始吧。

  (2) 簡單句中的虛擬語氣

一、情態動詞的過去式用於現在時態時,表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語氣,常用於日常會話中。如:

⑴d you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?

⑵ would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝願。

1、常用“may+動詞原形”表示祝願,但願,此時may須置於句首(多用於正式文體中)。

⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好運!

⑵、May you be happy!祝你快樂!

⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!

⑷、May you have a good time. 祝願你玩的.痛快。

⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝願我們的友情天長地久。

⑹、May you be happy. (注意那個be ) 祝你幸福。

2、用動詞原形。例如:

(1) live the people! 人民萬歲!

(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧師說:“願上帝保佑你!”

(3) a good journey! 祝願你旅途愉快!

三、表示強烈願望。(該型別虛擬語氣謂語僅用動詞原形,第三人稱單數也不加“s”)

(1) save me.

(2)en help us.

四、表命令

1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you),而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號:!

3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現在時態(Simple Present),如:work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令語氣,可用助動詞do,加上not。

(1). Work !

(2). Work harder !

(3). Be more alert ! (虛擬語氣動詞Be)

(4). You go out !

(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)

(6). Don't be afraid. (口語中常用don't 代替do not)

五、在一些習慣表達中。如:

(1)’d better set off now.你最好現在就出發。

(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情願不告訴你這個祕密。

(3) 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

第一節:賓語從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語氣

一、在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

在動詞wish後的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣,常省去賓語從句的引導詞that。

一)、對現在情況的虛擬(與現在的事實相反):

從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語be和were(was),實義動詞用過去式。例:

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式knew)我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但願我的家鄉四季如春。(事實上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但願我是隻小鳥。(事實上不可能)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)

現在他在中國,他希望能懂得中文。(事實上並不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上並不和我們在一起)

二)、對過去情況的虛擬(和過去的事實相反):

用wish表示對過去事情的遺憾。其句子結構為:賓語從句的謂語用過去完成時,或would, could, might+現在完成時。例:

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我後悔不該浪費這麼多時間。(事實上已浪費了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished,had + spoken)(事實上他並沒同我們講)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had + called)(事實上已遲了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had + listened)(事實上並不如此)

例題分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept

動詞wish後面接從句,表達不可能實現或與事實相反的情況時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即用過去式(表示現在發生的動作)或過去完成式(表示過去發生的動作)。本題後半句謂語動詞have用的是過去時had

to get up and come, 所以前面要用過去完成時表示過去發生的動作。所以, 選項A)could have slept是答案

三)、對將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀願望):

從句動詞"would/should/could/might + 動詞原形"(時間上較後)(請注意:主句和從句的主語不相同)。用wish表示對將來事情的願望。例:

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那傢伙還在吵著呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵,女孩子可沒那麼容易就改變主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我們和他在一起,實際上還沒在一起)

四)、注意:

1.如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其後that 從句中的動詞形式不變。例如:

I wished I hadn't spent so much money.

我要是那時沒有花掉那麼多錢就好了。

2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對現狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

(4)在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動詞的後面的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣

由於這些動詞本身隱含說話者的主觀意見,認為某事應該或不應該怎樣,這些詞語後面的“that”從句應用虛擬語氣,且均以“should+動詞原形”表示這種語氣,但事實上“should”常被省略,故此從句中謂語動詞用原形,常用的此類動詞有:

表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

表示“提議、勸告、建議”的:move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

表示“決定、命令”的:decide, order

表示“主張”的:maintain, urge

表示“同意、堅持”的:consent, insist

例如:

doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(當我建議他用刮鬍膏時,他說“剃刀和水就行了”。)

pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費了幾天功夫尋找理論根據,直到我建議拆開看看它是如何轉動的。)

can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我們建議學生應在說英語的國家呆上兩三年。)

在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞後面的從句中虛擬語氣很普遍,其結構如:

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do

6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

但注意:在insist 後的從句中, 如果是堅持自己, 用陳述語氣, 堅持別人做什麼事情, 用虛擬語氣.

insists that she is right.

insisted that I should finish the work at once.

或者說,suggest, insist不表示建議或堅持要某人做某事時,即它們用於其本意暗示、表明、堅持認為時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。

guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

  判斷改錯:

(錯)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(對)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(錯)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(對)14. I insisted that you were wrong.