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2015大學英語六級詞彙之虛擬語氣

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虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式,表示說話人的一種願望、假設、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義,虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣可用於多種句式中。

2015大學英語六級詞彙之虛擬語氣

 用法

 1. 用在簡單句中

虛擬語氣用在簡單句中,表示祝願,命令。如:

May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

May you have a good time. 祝願你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long. 祝願我們的友情天長地久。

Have a good journey! 祝願你旅途愉快!

2. 用在賓語從句中

動詞 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose 等詞後面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣,賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種願望、要求。動詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 後面的從句中,“should” 可以省略。如;

I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我這一邊。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課後把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學生每週都要自己洗衣服

3. 用在主語從句中

“It is (was)+形容詞(或過去分詞)+that...”結構中,主語從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣;“It is time(about time, high time)that...”結構中,主語從句的謂語用“過去時動詞形式或 should+動詞原形”也表示虛擬語氣。如;

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。

It’s natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 我們該回家了。

4. 用在表語從句、同位語從句中

在 suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,advice,decision 等需要有內涵的名詞後面的表語從句、同位語從句中,要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用“should+動詞原形”。如:

My suggestion is that we should go there at once. 我建議我們馬上去那兒。

What do you think of his proposal that we should put on an English play at the party?

我們在晚會上演一部英語話劇,你覺得我的建議怎麼樣?

5. 用在一般虛擬條件句中

虛擬語氣用在一般虛擬條件句中,表示與現在、過去、將來事實相反的假設。

1) 與現在事實相反的假設。句子結構為:從句:if+主語+動詞的過去式(be 變 were)+其他;主句: 主語+would(should, could, might)+動詞原形+其他。如:

If I were you, I would promise him. 如果我是你,就答應他了。

2) 與過去事實相反的假設。句子結構為:從句:If+主語+過去完成時+其他;主句:主語+should(would,

could, might)+現在完成時+其他。如:

If you had practice more last term, you could have passed the writing exam.

如果上學期你多做練習的話,就能通過寫作考試了。

3) 對將來事實實現的可能性不大的假設。句子結構為:從句:If+主語+should (were to )+動詞原形+其他;主句:主語+would (could, should, might)+動詞原形。如;

If he were to leave for Qingdao tomorrow. He might tell you. 如果他明天去青島,會告訴你的。

注意事項

1. If 引導的狀語從句可省略 if

有時 if 引導的狀語從句可以省略 if,而把從句中的動詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面。如:

Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址,他會去看她的。

2. 虛擬條件句或主句的省略

有時表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一個主句或者一個條件從句。如:

I could help you. 我本來可以幫助你。

If I had time. 我要有時間該多好啊!

She should have come to the meeting. 她應該來參加會議。

3. 虛擬條件句和主句的時態可不一致

虛擬語氣中,條件從句的動詞動作時態可以和主句的`動詞動作時態不一致。

1) 從句表示過去,主句表示現在。如:

If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now.如果他們昨天早出發的話,現在就到這兒了。

2) 從句表示將來,主句表示過去。如:

If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film

with you last night。如果我今天下午不準備試驗的話,我昨晚就陪你去看電影了。

3) 從句表示過去,主句表示將來。如:

If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week。如果我們準備不充分的話,就不敢做下週的試驗。

4) 從句表示將來,主句表示現在。如:

If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.如果我今天下午沒有考試的話,我現在就去購物了。

4. 其他用法

1) “would rather + 主語 + 謂語動詞過去時結構” 表示現在或將來的情況; “would rather + 主語 + 動詞過去完成時結構”表示過去的情況。如:

I’d rather he didn’t go now. 要是他現在不走就好了。

I’d rather you had been here yesterday. 要是你昨天在這兒就好了。

2) “If only + 主語 + 動詞過去時形式”表示與現在事實相反;“If only + 主語 + 動詞過去完成時形式表示與過去事實相反。如:

If only you would listen to our advice. 要是你聽我們的建議就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week! 要是上週我不忙該多好啊!

If only she could marry me. 但願她能嫁給我。

3) 虛擬條件句隱含在句中的介詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或分詞等短語中。常用的詞或短語有:without,but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。如:

Without your help (If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是沒有你的幫助,我們就不會成功的。

But for electricity (If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 要是沒有電,就不會有現代工業。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他當時正在開會,否則的話他就來幫我們了。

I would have done the same in similar circumstances. 在類似的情況下,我也會這樣做的。

Legalizing this drug would have very serious consequences.使這種藥品合法化就會帶來非常嚴重的後果。

To drink the last canteen of water would mean death to all the sailors.喝了最後一壺水就意味著所有水手的死亡。

4) 連線詞“in case, lest, for fear that”等可以用來引導虛擬語氣。其形式通常為:“ (in case, for fear that) + 主語 + should + 動詞原形”。lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去, in case 句中的

should 通常不省去,但是 in case 句中可以不用虛擬語氣,而用陳述語氣。lest, for fear that 後面也可以接其他形式。如:

He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他帶著雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不會出聲的,以免打擾你。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用這種方法的時候要謹慎小心,以免發生溢流現象。