1. The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.
(A) a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
(B) a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
(C) a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
(D) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
(E) critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
答案解析如下：
(A)a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
【正確】 “as well as”兩邊比一定連線平行物件，但“a critique……”和“a vision……”用“as well as”平行在一起，沒有任何錯誤，正確地作同位語修飾了“‘Essay on Heat and Light’”。
【大意】 十九世紀化學家Humphry Davy在《Essay on Heat and Light》中敘述了他早期實驗的結果，這篇文章是對Robert Boyle之後所有化學的批評以及對Davy希望發現的新化學的憧憬。
(B)a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
【錯誤】 平行結構：本選項將“a critique”和“his envisioning of”平行在一起，但如(A)所示，“envision”存在相應的專有名詞“vision”，因此並不需要使用“envisioning of”這種表達方式。
(C)a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
【錯誤】 平行結構： “a critique of”是一個專有化名詞概念，而“envisioning”(由於其後沒接“of”)僅僅是一個動名詞，兩者邏輯概念不對等，不應平行。
(D)critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of
【錯誤1】 修飾成分：“，critiquing”放在主謂結構“Humphry Davy presented……”的尾部作伴隨狀語，表意遜於(A)中的用“a critique”作修飾"Essay on Heat and Light"的同位語。
【錯誤2】 平行結構：類似地“critiquing”和“a vision of”無法平行。
【錯誤3】 簡潔明瞭：“and”和“also”之間存在語義重複。
(E)critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of
【錯誤1】 修飾成分：見(D)中【錯誤1】。
【錯誤2】 平行結構：見(B)。
【最優解題思路推薦】
只有(A)選項“and”兩端的結構平行且語義合理，因此選擇(A)。
2. According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A)that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
【正確】 “that ”引導的從句作同位語正確地修飾了“confidence”，敘述了“資訊”的具體內容，過去完成時的“had feared”與“earlier in the year(今年更早些時候)”語義搭配合理。
【大意】 根據一些分析師的`說法，股票市場的利得反映了正在增長的信心：經濟將避免早些時候人們擔憂的衰退並達到一個由商業活動逐漸增加跟隨著的“軟著陸”。
(B)in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
【錯誤1】 平行結構：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應是平行的，但兩個平行的物件不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連線。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達“對X做某事有信心”的用法。
(C)in the economy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
【錯誤】 平行結構：有日常邏輯可知，“to avoid the recession”和“to come”本意上應是平行的，但兩個平行的物件不能僅僅用“rather”一個詞連線。
(D)in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
【錯誤1】 動詞時態：“many were fearing”遜於過去完成時的“had feared”，因為“had feared”和“earlier in the year”更加搭配——今年更早些時候，屬於“過去的過去”。
【錯誤2】 固定搭配：見(B)中【錯誤2】。
(E)that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming
【錯誤1】 動詞時態：類似地，見(D)中【錯誤1】。
【錯誤2】 簡潔明瞭：在GMAT考察的標準書面英語中，主動句簡潔性優於被動句，因此“that was feared”簡潔性遜於(A)中“that many had feared”。
【最優解題思路推薦】
(C)中兩個本應平行的“to do”結構沒有“and”連線，排除，不存在“confidence in X to do sth.”表達“對X做某事有信心”的用法，排除(B)、(D)。
(A)比(B)相對簡潔，因此選擇(A)。
