英語考研現階段，最實用最重要的就是練習長短句了，在近期一個月，打造一個好的長短句翻譯基礎，將會給我們的翻譯和作文帶來巨大的幫助，下面是小編給大家準備的長短句練習，附帶解析。
1. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support.
【分析】複合句。主句為 They gave justices permanent positions, so 引導目的狀語從句，從句主幹為they would be have no need...。
【譯文】他們給予法官們終身任期，以便法官們能自由地推翻當權者，且無需拉攏政治支援。
2. The justices must address doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.
【分析】簡單句。句子主幹為 The justices must address doubts，介詞短語 about the court's legitimacy 修飾 doubts， by making...作方式狀語。
【譯文】法官必須通過對行為準則負責來解除人們對於法院公正性的懷疑。
3. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
【分析】複合句。句首 It 為形式主語，真正的主語為 that 引導的從句。從句由 but 連線的並列複合句構成，第一個分句包含 because 引導的`原因狀語從句，第二個分句包含 when 引導的時間狀語從句。
【譯文】19世紀末曾有人提到：人類不是因為悲傷而哭泣，而是因為流淚而悲傷。
4. Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects' behavior.
【分析】複合句。句子主幹為 the studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect"。the extremely influential idea...補充說明 Hawthorne effect，是其同位語，其中 idea 之後是 that 引導的同位語從句。同位語從句中，主句為 the very act，of being experimented upon 是其後置定語，謂語為 changes，賓語是 subjects' behavior。
【譯文】然而，這些研究最終以被冠之為“霍桑效應”的概念而告終，這個極具影響力的概念認為，僅僅是接受實驗這一行為就足以使受試者的表現發生改變。
【拓展】subject 作名詞時，是“主題、學科、物件、主語”的意思，結合語境，本句中意為“接受實驗物件，受試者”。作動詞時，意為“使服從;使遭受”，常與 to 搭配。作形容詞時，意為“受...支配的;易遭...的”。
