無論是在學習還是在工作中，我們總免不了要接觸或使用練習題，做習題可以檢查我們學習的效果。學習的目的就是要掌握由概念原理所構成的知識，你所瞭解的習題是什麼樣的呢？下面是小編整理的2023年MBA考試英語閱讀理解專項練習題，歡迎大家借鑑與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。
Text 1
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change, And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
1. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?
A. They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.
B. They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.
C. They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.
D. They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.
2. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?
A. He is one of the most important executives in the firm.
B. His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.
C. He is directly under the chief financial executive.
D. He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.
3. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to .
A. workers who can operate new equipment
B. technological and managerial staff
C. workers who lack basic background skills
D. top executives
4. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage is .
A. the introduction of new technologies
B. the improvement of workers basic skills
C. the rational composition of professional and managerial employees
D. the attachment of importance to the bottom haft of the employees
5. What is the main idea of the passage ?
A. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management.
B. Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.
C. The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm s hierarchy.
D. The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.
參考答案：B D B B D
Text 2
"Welcome to the U. S. A. I Major Credit cards accepted !"
By the millions they are coming—no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We dont have a budget," says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Street. "We just use our credit cards."
The U. S. has long been one of the worlds most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U. S., still the worlds superpower, can also claim to be the worlds bargain basement (廉價商品部) . Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices— anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994. Thats up from $ 74 billion the year before.
True, not everyone comes just for bargains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U. S. television series. But shopping the U. S. A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (無節制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.
The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveler versus the Americans four night and $ 298.
1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her .
A. are reluctant to carry cash with them
B. simply dont care how much they spend
C. are not good at planning their expenditure
D. often spend more money than they can afford
2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that .
A. it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U. S.
B. it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U. S.
C. tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year
D. tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
3. By saying "nobody undersells America" (Line 4, Para. 3), the author means that .
A. no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products
B. nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities
C. nobody restrains the selling of American goods
D. no other country sells at a lower price than America
4. Why does the author assert that all American things are fascinating to foreigners?
A. Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.
B. Because they represent the worlds latest fashions.
C. Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.
D. Because they are available at all tourist destinations.
5. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize .
A. the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits
B. the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits
C. tourism can make great contributions to its economy
D. visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad
參考答案：B A D A C
Text 3
The way people hold to the belief that a fun filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承擔的業務) , self improvement.
Ask a bachelor (單身漢) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole nights sleep or a three day vacation. I dont know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .
A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single
C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
2. Raising children, in the authors opinion, is .
A. a moral duty
B. a thankless job
C. a rewarding task
D. a source of inevitable pain
3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .
A. hatred
B. misunderstanding
C. prejudice
D. ignorance
4. To understand what true happiness is one must .
A. have as much run as possible during ones lifetime
B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain
C. put up with pain under all circumstances
D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun
5. What is the author trying to tell us?
A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.
B. One must know how to attain happiness.
C. It is important to make commitments.
D. It is pain that leads to happiness.
參考答案：A C B D A
Text 4
We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other, more surprising causes.
Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.
Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物) .
Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic "morning breath".
Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise— anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why. Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age. which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us, the simple, dry-mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they dont necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash unde, thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol—as most do—it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.
1. The phrase "emanate from" in Paragraph 1 most probably means .
A. thrive on
B. account for
C. originate from
D. descend from
2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
A. Tooth trouble.
B. Sulfur-rich food.
C. Too much exercise.
D. Mental strain.
3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because .
A. it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B. its smell adds to bad breath
C. it kills some helpful bacteria
D. it affects the normal flow of saliva
4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because .
A. they cant mask the bad odor long enough
B. they cant get to all the offending bacteria
C. their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse
D. they cant cover the thick layers of mucus
5. We can infer from this passage that .
A. offensive breath cant easily be cured
B. elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C. heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D. offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
參考答案：C D D B A
Text 5
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?
As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.
But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.
On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.
But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.
In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.
Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.
21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.
[A]practical ability [B] academic training
[C]pioneering spirit [D]mechanical memorization
e exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.
[A]have a stereotyped mind [B]have no career motivation
[C] are not academically successful [D] are financially disadvantaged
can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.
[A] used to have big financial concerns [B] used to have more job opportunities
[C] are reluctant to work in manufacturing [D] are entitled to more educational privileges
headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.
[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs
[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs
[C] is expected to yield a better-trained workforce
[D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education
author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.
[A] supportive [B] tolerant
[C] disappointed [D] cautious
答案解析
21、[答案][A]practical ability
[解析]根據題幹可知這是一道典型的例證題。根據題幹關鍵詞“a broken bike chain”定位到第二段第二句，向前找其論點句 “He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization， but practical。 由該句可知，在他(Mr。 Koziaek)任教的這個學校裡，學習不是書本、測試和機械記憶這些事情，而是實踐。所以舉“a broken bike chain”的例子是說明學生們缺乏實踐能力，選A選項 practical ability。
22、[答案][C]are not academically successful
[解析]根據題幹可以定位到第四段，相關語句為“that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically，” he says。 其中，“can’t make it academically”就是對應答案C中的“are not academically successful”， 因此，正確答案為C 選項are not academically successful。
23、[答案][B]used to have more job opportunities
[解析]根據題幹要求定位到第五段，解決本題的關鍵是對第三句話“The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated。”的理解，尤其需要注意本句的時態，定語從句“that the US economy once offered to high school graduates”是過去時態，表明“美國經濟曾經為高中畢業生提供了工作保障”，而主句“The job security has largely evaporated”卻是現在完成時，意為“這種工作保障在很大程度上已經蒸發了”，說明曾經的工作機會現在已經不再擁有了，故而[B]選項是正確選項。
24、[答案][D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education
[解析]根據題幹關鍵詞“headlong push”以及“bachelor’s degree”直接定位到文章第六段第一句話。根據第一句話“But the headlong push into bachelor’s degree for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point： That’s not the only thing the American economy needs”(大力推動學士學位—以及低估其他任何方面—使得人們忽略了非常重要的一點：這並不是美國經濟所需要的)，可初步確定正確選項為D“indicates the overvaluing of higher education”(高估了高等教育)。另外，第二句先是認可了這種做法的好處：“Yes， a bachelor degree opens more doors”(學士學位為本科生打開了更多扇門)。但是，第三行最後出現轉折詞But，說明後面內容一定是負面情感取向，是“bachelor degree”沒能解決的問題，因此，D選項為正確答案。
25、[答案][A]supportive
[解析]本題考查作者的態度。一般最後一段凸顯作者的態度， 第一句話“Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.”說明“Koziatek學校為我們敲響了警鐘”。第二句話“When education becomes one-size-fits-all， it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts”表明“當教育適合所有人的時候，它同樣也造成一種危險，即容易忽視的人才多元化。”同時我們也注意到第七段最後一句話說“… is to fill the gap.”(Koziatek學校正試圖填補這一空白)， 說明作者的態度是支援性的，即supportive。因此，A選項是正確答案。
Text 6
While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.
Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.
In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.
President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.
The question“ what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.
The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.
While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.
word “plummeting”(Line 3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.
[A]stabilizing [B]changing
[C]falling [D]rising
rding to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.
[A]is progressing notably [B]is as extensive as in Europe
[C]faces many challenges [D]has proved to be impractical
can be learned that in Iowa, .
[A]wind is a widely used energy source
[B]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels
[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy
[D]there is a shortage of clean energy supply
h of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?
[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.
[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.
[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.
[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.
can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.
[A]will bring the US closer to other countries
[B]will accelerate global environmental change
[C]is not really encouraged by the US government
[D]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost
答案解析
26、[答案][C]failing
[解析]詞彙釋義題。根據論點論據關係，二段最後一句話證明but之後的論點句。由第二段最後一句得知在過去8年中，solar panels (太陽電池板)和wind turbines (風輪機)成本分別下降了80%和約1/3，故可推知可再生能源的價格會下降，故C項failing正確。
27、[答案][A]is progressing notably
[解析]邏輯推理題。根據題幹應該定位到三段第三句話。本段第三句說“其他在清潔能源發展方面保持領先(takes the lead)，美國也看到了顯著的變化”，also提示我們美國和其他的情況應該有相似之處。再結合後一句中的資料，可確定美國可再生能源的使用正穩步發展，A項正確。
28、[答案][A]wind is a widely used energy source
[解析]邏輯推理題。由Iowa我們可快速定位至第四段。一般來講，推理題優先考慮段落主旨，But轉折之後應該為本段中心。儘管前兩句提到Trump不看好風能，但but後面話鋒一轉，說到Iowa的很多人不贊成這種看法，並列舉資料說明風能在Iowa的發展勢頭良好，故本題選A。
29、[答案][C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality
[解析]雙段推理題。根據提幹關鍵詞Paragraph 5&6定位到5、6段，雙段推理題應該優先考慮雙段主旨。第5段中心為關鍵資訊詞but之後的內容。文中a boost in the storage capacity of batteries keeps power flowing around the clock對應選項中的its continuous supply; is becoming a reality對應文中is making their ability to .同樣，第6段可以驗證。6段中心為最後一句話Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now， this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years， 也說明這件事在未來可能成為現實。
30、[答案][C]is not really encouraged by the US government
[解析]推理判斷題。根據提幹關鍵詞the last paragraph定位到文中最後一段，最後一段關鍵資訊詞while(儘管)引導的內容為重點資訊：“儘管還有很長的路要走，這種趨勢勢不可擋”，故可以排除D： is not competitive enough with regard to its cost。而根據第二句“have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change”故排除B： will accelerate global environmental change。文章最後一句“what Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less at a time of a global shift in thought.”“無論華盛頓行動還是不行動越來越不重要了”，可以推測出美國政府的態度，因此選C。
Text 7
The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.
Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.
The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.
31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.
[A]digital products [B]user information
[C]physical assets [D]quality service
ing phone numbers to Facebook identities may.
[A]worsen political disputes [B]mess up customer records
[C]pose a risk to Facebook users [D]mislead the European commission
rding to the author, competition law.
[A]should serve the new market powers
[B]may worsen the economic imbalance
[C]should not provide just one legal solution
[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market
etition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.
[A]they are not defined as customers [B]they are not financially reliable
[C]the services are generally digital [D]the services are paid for by advertisers
ants analogy is used to illustrate.
[A]a win-win business model between digital giants
[B]a ty pattern among digital giants
[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers
[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users
答案解析
31、[答案][B]user information
[解析]細節題。題幹問：根據第一段，臉譜收購WhatsApp 應用的目的是為了什麼，由此定位於文章第一段，本段第一句末說臉譜出巨資購買的應用是一種messaging service，就是資訊服務，而緊接著本段最後一句話說明WhatsApp 應用提供的這種資訊服務實際上是一種intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives，複雜的和極其詳細的使用者朋友圈和社交生活的方面的資訊。答案B正是這句話的同義改寫。
32、[答案][C]pose a risk to Facebook users
[解析]細節題。根據題幹中的關鍵詞Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位於文章第二段。本段中的第二句話指出“即使不知道具體的資訊內容是什麼，知道了資訊是誰發的和資訊發給誰也有可能透露客戶隱私”。也就是說，繫結電話號碼和臉譜身份的做法極有可能洩露客戶隱私，增加客戶的個人資訊風險。答案C正是這句話的概括。
33、[答案][D]cannot keep pace with the changing market
[解析]細節題。根據題幹迴文定位到文章第三段，第三句話“it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy。”意為：對比數碼經濟中變化的速度，它是很緩慢的，cannot keep pace with 是選項中slow的同義替換，因此正確答案為選項D。
34、[答案][D]the services are paid for by advertisers
[解析]因果細節題。根據題幹迴文定位到第三段第六句話，其中it is not obvious是題幹can hardly protect的同義替換。後文中指出when the users of these services don’t pay for it， 表明這種情況發生的原因是這些服務的使用者沒有付款，而真正付款的是advertisers，因此正確答案為D。
35、[答案][D]the relationship between digital giants and their users
[解析]觀點例證題。根據題幹中的關鍵詞ants analogy迴文定位到最後一段第二句話。而該例子論證的觀點是上一句話，即最後一段的首句，該句指出“他們(Google和Facebook)所銷售的商品是資料，而為了這些資料巨頭(像Google和Facebook這樣的資料資訊企業)的利益，作為使用者的我們將生活轉向資料”，這句話揭示了使用者和資料巨頭之間的關係，通過資料聯絡在一起。資料巨頭銷售資料，使用者生活中使用資料。因此正確答案為[D]選項，該例子論證了資料巨頭和使用者之間的關係。
Text 8
To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”, he writes.
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
In order to make the most of our focus and energy. we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.”
“Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain” Pillay.
36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.
[A] keep to your focus time [B]list your immediate tasks
[C]make specific daily plans [D]seize every minute to work
37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.
[A] distractions may actually increase efficiency
[B]daily schedules are indispensable to studying
[C]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals
[D]detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected
38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.
[A] a desirable mental state for busy people
[B]a major contributor to physical health
[C]an effective way to save time and energy
[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work
39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.
[A] can result in psychological well-being
[B]can bring about greater efficiency
[C]is aimed at better balance in work
[D]is driven by task urgency
text is mainly about _______.
[A] ways to relieve the tension of busy life
[B]approaches to getting more done in less time
[C]the key to eliminating distractions
[D]the cause of the lack of focus time
答案解析
36、[答案][A]keep to your focus time
[解析]這是一道細節題。注意題乾的一一對應，選項進行等價替換。根據題幹定位到第二段最後一句。The key is to(題幹對應) determine your length of focus time and stick to it(剩餘資訊為答案)。 對應選項 keep to(stick to)your focus time(your length of focus time)
37、[答案][D]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected
[解析]根據題幹為細節題，考察的是實驗結論。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that， 根據1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句，那麼結論應該在後面，也就是第五段。第五段開頭第一句while為讓步，看主句部分they were wrong，冒號後面解釋說，the detailed daily plans demotivated students。對應D選項，其中的may not be as fruitful對應demotivated。
38、[答案][D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work
[解析]這是一道細節題。根據提幹中的關鍵詞，Newport和idleness，迴文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness，再結合第7段段末代詞he， 考查到代詞的指代問題，根據上下文確定此處的he指代Newport，確定第7段引號之內即為作者對於“idleness”的觀點，由第7段後半句 idleness is ，paradoxically， necessary to getting any work done得出正確答案為 an essential factor in accomplishing any work，其中essential 是對原文necessary的同義替換，accomplishing any work是getting any work done的同義替換。
39、[答案][B]can bring about greater efficiency
[解析]這是一道人物觀點題，根據提幹中的關鍵詞，Pillay 迴文定位到第8段，再進一步匹配題幹中的剩餘資訊，our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused定位至第8段段末處，our brains switch between being focused and unfocused，其中shift是switch的同義替換，由後半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正確答案為 can bring about greater effcieny， 是對原文tend to be more efficient的同義替換。
40、[答案][B]approaches to getting more done in less time
[解析]根據題乾的特徵，這是一道主旨題。文章開篇提出主題，關於“the ability to focus without distraction”， 第二段開頭說“a number of approaches”， 提出方法，第四段開頭another approach，所以這篇文章重點還是在說方法，所以B選項approaches to getting more done in less time為正確答案。more done in less time對應focus without distraction。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45)e are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. Just say it
B. Be present
C. Pay a unique compliment
D. Name, places, things
E. Find the “me too” s
F. Skip the small talk
G. Ask for an opinion
Five ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.
You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.
Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.
41.____________
Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.
Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!
I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.
42.____________
It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.
Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.
So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.
43.____________
When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
44.____________
Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.
So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.
45.____________
You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their names. Isn’t that awkward!
So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.
When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.
That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!
答案解析
41、[答案][A](Just say it)
[解析]從下方段落中看到I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow。 So keep it simple： “Hi”， “Hey” or “Hello”——do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can， put on a big smile and say “Hi”. 中我們不難發現重複的內容say “Hi”， 也相當於get that first word out， 共同表達的內容就是開口說，故A (Just say it開口說) 與之完美對應。
42、[答案][G](Ask for an opinion)
[解析]從下方段落中出現So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions。 Trust me， you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask。 中我們不難發現重複的內容ask， 根據復現詞我們不難找到G (Ask for an opinion詢問看法)，與其後的“how much people are willing to share”(人們非常願意分享)完美對應。
43、[答案][E](Find the “me too”s)
[解析]從下方對應段落When you meet a person for the first time， make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point…中我們找到關鍵詞have … in common有共同點。這與E (Find the “me too”s 尋找共同點)完美對應。
44、[答案][B](Be present)
[解析]從下方對應段落So when someone tries to communicate with you， just be in that communication wholeheartedly. 因此當有人跟你跟你聊天時，要全身心的投入到談話中，以及後面復現詞eye contact進行眼神交流，我們找到B (Be present，在現場，投入當前事件中)能夠與之對應。
45、[答案][D](Name， places， things)
[解析]從下方對應段落…but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name。 Isn’t that awkward! …但是之後你可能再次見到時忘記了他們的名字。這不是很尷尬嗎?通過反義疑問我們得知：應該要記得名字!而且隨後So， remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to， the places they want to go， the things they like， the things they hate。因此，請記得你遇到且與之聊過天的這些人的一些小細節，比如他們去過的地方，他們想要去的地方，他們喜歡的以及討厭的事物等等。從這些內容中我們不難找到與之對應的小標題D (Name， places， things)
