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　　Text 1

We are innately social animals and we can use that to our advantage.

IF YOU made a New Year's resolution and are already having trouble sticking to it, don't be too hard on yourself. It is not just a question of self will. Recent research shows that our behaviors and habits are more strongly influenced by friends and relatives than we might imagine. Furthermore, it seems that behaviors, ill-health and even moods pass through friendship networks across several degrees of separation, and we are almost bound to "catch" them

These findings have two important implications. The first is for public health. Governments tend to tackle issues such as smoking, alcoholism and unhealthy eating by focusing on individual behavior. Health campaigns could be much more effective if they accounted for the fact that society is not atomized. Behaviors are determined to a great extent by what others are doing. One idea is to “seed” health massages in small groups of peers, in expectation that the information will then cascade through the network. What is also clear is that many medical treatments look much more cost-effective when considering that a person’s illness— and likewise his wellness—has a knock-on effect on the health of those around him.

The second implication is for one’s view of human nature and autonomy. People like to think they are solely responsible for their actions, and that they are in control of their lives. This is largely an illusion. People are innately social animals, so it is hard to resist being influenced by others. However, by understanding one’s limitations and the social dimension to human behavior one can turn this to his advantage. Why not team up with friends and make a resolution together? You may find you are more successful.

36. According to the author, one possible reason that people that fail to stick to their new year’s resolutions is that .

A. they lack the willpower

B. they are too hard on themselves

C. they are influenced by friends and relatives

D. everyone has trouble sticking to them

37. What does the author mean by saying “society is not atomized” (Para.3, line. 3)?

A. Society is a collection of individuals

B. Society encourages individuality and separation.

C. Society is made up of independent individuals.

D. In society, individuals are closely interdependent.

38. One of the implications for public health is that medical treatment can be more effective by

A. realizing a patient’s behavior and moods will influence other patient’s health

B. focusing on each patient’s behavior

C. spreading the message in a group

D. expecting medical information will go from patient to patient

39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .

A. behavior is determined by one’s peer group

B. people can acknowledge their friends’ influence and use it to their advantage

C. people are social animals, so they cannot avoid the influence of others

D. people can be more responsible for their actions if they can control their lives

40. The passage is mainly about .

A. how to stick to one’s New Year’s resolution

B. how to influence friends’ behavior and moods

C. how to deal with health and social problems

D. how strongly human beings influence each other

　　Keys: CDABD

　　Text 2

In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams imagined a small yellow fish, called a Babel fish. When popped into one’s ear, it would use brainwave energy, unconscious mental frequencies, and something called a “telepathic matrix” to achieve real-time language interpretation, making conversations with aliens effortless. Well, it is not yellow, and it does not fit in one’s ear, but US soldiers in Iraq are using a device that could become a universal interpreter.

The soldiers use a system called IraqComm, developed by SRI international in Menlo Park, California, which consists of a laptop loaded with speech recognition and translation software. Speak into the microphone in Arabic and the software turns the phrases into written Arabic, before translating it into English. After the person has finished talking, a computer speaks the translation.

IraqComm’s software, and other programs like it, learned to translate much as a person would— by studying conversations. The software searches for statistical connections between a series of Arabic statements and English translations. For example, when the Arabic word “haar” appears, so does the word “hot” in the English version (the correct translation). If this occurs frequently enough, the program concludes that they mean the same thing. Given enough examples, the software can learn grammar too. A similar system running on a hand-held PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), called the speachalator, was developed at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Do not expect these programs to cope with free-flowing language just yet. The IraqComm works well because it focuses on around 50,000 words soldiers need. The broader the subject matter, the harder it becomes for the software to distinguish the alternate meanings required in different contexts. “We’ll get there,” says SRI’s Kristin Precoda.

36. In the first paragraph, the yellow fish is mentioned to .

A. draw the reader’s attention to IraqComm

B. explain how it communicates with aliens

C. explain how it interprets the language

D. show it is imaginary from science fiction

37. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a necessary part for IraqComm?

A. A computer.

B. Speech recognition and translation software.

C. A microphone.

D. A language processing system.

38. What does the passage indicate about IraqComm?

A. IraqComm can translate language as well as a person could.

B. IraqComm can learn grammar with enough examples.

C. IraqComm can understand conversation.

D. IraqComm can translate any language.

39. What does the author think about the interpretation programs?

A. In the future, interpretation programs will not deal with free-flowing language.

B. Interpretation programs work well in different context.

C. IraqComm works well because it only translates a certain number of words.

D. Although there is limitation to interpretation programs, it will translate any language in the future.

40. By saying “we’ll get there” (Para. 4, line. 5), Kristin Precoda implies .

A. the programs can translate any free-flowing language

B. the programs will translate more than 50,000 words

C. the programs can deal with broader subject

D. the programs can choose the exact meaning of words in different contexts.

　　Keys: ADBCD

　　Text 3

Who has not heard the story of frog? The myth goes that if one places a frog into a pot of hot water it will try to jump out to save itself, but if one places it in cool water, it will stay in the pot as the water heats up and boils, and eventually die. Al Gore used the story in his widely popular documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, saying “It’s important to rescue the frog.” The comparison he tries to draw is that humans are the frogs and simply are not noticing the drastic climate changes and consequences slowly occurring all around.

A Reuter’s article presents one interesting finding, however: the frog-in-water myth is apparently not true. Victor Hutchison, a professor emeritus at the zoology department at the university of Oklahoma, says, “I have investigated the thermal tolerance in reptiles and amphibians for many years. If one places the animal in a container and slowly heats it, the animal will at some point inevitably try to escape.” Sounds like a “fascinating” job.

Whether a frog tries to escape from boiling water or not is an experiment that this author certainly does not want to attempt, and hopes the readers does not either, but the point behind the message does remain the same. The Earth’s climate is experiencing drastic changes and humans are to blame for a great deal of it, the UN report coming out in February that everyone has heard of by now, will have evidence from 2,500 scientists saying that there is at least a 90﹪ chance that human activities, led by burning fossil fuels, are the main cause of warming in the past 50 years.

Is it worth waiting to find out if the frog-in-water myth is true for humans or is it time to do something about it?

36. The author tells the story about the frog in order to .

A. describe history and population growth

B. describe ignorance about global warming

C. demonstrate the frog’s attempt to escape gradually heated water

D. illustrate the idea that change needs to be gradual before accepted

37. The sentence “It’s important to rescue the frog (Para.1)” by Al Gore implies that .

A. he urges more action to save the planet

B. the frog is so poor that it needs to be saved

C. frogs are rare and endangered species that need protection

D. humans are incapable of reacting to changes that occur rapidly

38. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?